NDLI: The contribution of maternal HIV seroconversion during late pregnancy and breastfeeding to mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Johnson, Leigh F. Stinson, Kathryn Newell, Marie-Louise Bland, Ruth M. Moultrie, Harry Davies, Mary-Ann Rehle, Thomas M. Dorrington, Rob E. Sherman, Gayle G.
Spatial Coverage	South Africa
Description	Country affiliation: South Africa Author Affiliation: Johnson LF ( Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. leigh.johnson@uct.ac.za)
Abstract	BACKGROUND: The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV has been focused mainly on women who are HIV positive at their first antenatal visit, but there is uncertainty regarding the contribution to overall transmission from mothers who seroconvert after their first antenatal visit and before weaning. METHOD: A mathematical model was developed to simulate changes in mother-to-child transmission of HIV over time, in South Africa. The model allows for changes in infant feeding practices as infants age, temporal changes in the provision of antiretroviral prophylaxis and counseling on infant feeding, as well as temporal changes in maternal HIV prevalence and incidence. RESULTS: The proportion of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) from mothers who seroconverted after their first antenatal visit was 26% [95% confidence interval (CI): 22% to 30%] in 2008, or 15,000 of 57,000 infections. It is estimated that by 2014, total MTCT will reduce to 39,000 per annum, and transmission from mothers seroconverting after their first antenatal visit will reduce to 13,000 per annum, accounting for 34% (95% CI: 29% to 39%) of MTCT. If maternal HIV incidence during late pregnancy and breastfeeding were reduced by 50% after 2010, and HIV screening were repeated in late pregnancy and at 6-week immunization visits after 2010, the average annual number of MTCT cases over the 2010-2015 period would reduce by 28% (95% CI: 25% to 31%), from 39,000 to 28,000 per annum. CONCLUSION: Maternal seroconversion during late pregnancy and breastfeeding contributes significantly to the pediatric HIV burden and needs greater attention in the planning of prevention of MTCT programs.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	15254135
e-ISSN	10779450
DOI	10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182432f27
Journal	JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	59
Language	English
Publisher	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publisher Date	2012-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline AIDS Hiv Infections Epidemiology Transmission Hiv Seropositivity Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical Statistics & Numerical Data Adolescent Breast Feeding Adverse Effects Infant, Newborn Models, Biological Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Infectious Diseases Pharmacology (medical)

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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