NDLI: Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and cellular responses to oxidative stress.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Shang, Fu Taylor, Allen
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Shang F ( Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. fu.shang@tufts.edu)
Abstract	The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is the primary cytosolic proteolytic machinery for the selective degradation of various forms of damaged proteins. Thus, the UPP is an important protein quality control mechanism. In the canonical UPP, both ubiquitin and the 26S proteasome are involved. Substrate proteins of the canonical UPP are first tagged by multiple ubiquitin molecules and then degraded by the 26S proteasome. However, in noncanonical UPP, proteins can be degraded by the 26S or the 20S proteasome without being ubiquitinated. It is clear that a proteasome is responsible for selective degradation of oxidized proteins, but the extent to which ubiquitination is involved in this process remains a subject of debate. Whereas many publications suggest that the 20S proteasome degrades oxidized proteins independent of ubiquitin, there is also solid evidence indicating that ubiquitin and ubiquitination are involved in degradation of some forms of oxidized proteins. A fully functional UPP is required for cells to cope with oxidative stress and the activity of the UPP is also modulated by cellular redox status. Mild or transient oxidative stress up-regulates the ubiquitination system and proteasome activity in cells and tissues and transiently enhances intracellular proteolysis. Severe or sustained oxidative stress impairs the function of the UPP and decreases intracellular proteolysis. Both the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and the proteasome can be inactivated by sustained oxidative stress, especially the 26S proteasome. Differential susceptibilities of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and the 26S proteasome to oxidative damage lead to an accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates in cells in response to mild oxidative stress. Thus, increased levels of ubiquitin conjugates in cells seem to be an indicator of mild oxidative stress.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	08915849
e-ISSN	18734596
DOI	10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.031
Journal	Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	51
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2011-07-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Free radicals biology Oxidative Stress Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex Metabolism Ubiquitin Animals Oxidation-reduction Protein Binding Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Research Support, U.s. Gov't, Non-p.h.s.
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology (medical) Biochemistry

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