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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Kumar, A. Doan, H. Barnes, Mary Chapman, J. C. Kookana, R. S. |
| Spatial Coverage | South Australia |
| Description | Country affiliation: Australia Author Affiliation: Kumar A ( Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Urrbrae 5064, SA, Australia. Anupama.Kumar@csiro.au) |
| Abstract | The toxicity of carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and profenofos to the freshwater shrimp, Paratya australiensis was assessed by measuring acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition after 96h exposures. Shrimp exposed to these pesticides exhibited significant AChE inhibition, with mortality in shrimp corresponding to 70-90% AChE inhibition. The sensitivity of P. australiensis to the four pesticides based on AChE inhibition can be given as chlorpyrifos > profenofos > carbaryl > dimethoate. Recovery of AChE activity was followed in shrimp after 96 h exposures to carbaryl, chlorpyrifos and dimethoate. Recovery after exposure to the carbamate pesticide carbaryl was more rapid than for the two organophosphorus pesticides, chlorpyrifos and dimethoate. The slow recovery of depressed AChE activity may mean that affected organisms in the natural system are unable to sustain physical activities such as searching for food or eluding predators. To investigate the ecological significance of AChE inhibition, chemotaxis behaviour was assessed in shrimp exposed to profenofos for 24h. Abnormal chemotaxis behaviour in the exposed shrimp was observed at concentrations representing 30-50% AChE inhibition. A clear relationship existed between the depression of AChE activity and observed chemotaxis responses, such as approaching and grasping the chemoattractant source. These results suggest that in vivo toxicity tests based on this specific biomarker are sensitive and present advantages over conventional acute tests based on mortality. Behavioural studies of test organisms conducted in conjunction with measurement of AChE inhibition will provide data to clarify the toxic effects caused by sublethal chemical concentrations of anti-cholinesterase compounds. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 01476513 |
| Issue Number | 7 |
| Volume Number | 73 |
| e-ISSN | 10902414 |
| Journal | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2010-10-01 |
| Publisher Place | Netherlands |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline Environmental Sciences Acetylcholinesterase Metabolism Chemotaxis Drug Effects Cholinesterase Inhibitors Toxicity Decapoda (crustacea) Enzymology Insecticides Water Pollutants, Chemical Analysis Of Variance Animals Carbaryl Chlorpyrifos Analysis Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Dimethoate Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Organothiophosphates Sensitivity And Specificity South Australia Time Factors Toxicity Tests Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Pollution Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health |
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