NDLI: A study of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the livestock waste compost of Hong Kong, PR China.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Ng, Q. Y. C. Chan, A. H. M. Ma, S. W. Y.
Spatial Coverage	Hong Kong
Description	Author Affiliation: Ng QY ( Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, 33/F Revenue Tower, 5 Gloucester Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong, PR China.)
Abstract	Composting is one of the waste disposal methods adopted for disposal of livestock waste in Hong Kong. The composting livestock waste normally undergoes 6-8 weeks fermentation, followed by 16-20 weeks maturation. The matured compost is sold as soil conditioner in the local market. In 2006, feedstock material and a time-series of compost samples were collected throughout the fermentation and maturation process from the Sha Ling Composting Plant in the New Territories. The feedstock material and compost samples were analyzed for contents of three unintentional persistent organic pollutants (POPs), i.e. dioxins/furans, dioxin-like PCBs and total PCBs. These POPs are unintentionally produced by-products of chemical industrial processes and combustion processes. Selected heavy metals were also analyzed, which served as conservative tracers to determine potential mass loss during the composting process. Levels of contamination by these POPs were found to be low in the matured compost for sale. The mean concentrations (lower-upper bound) of total dioxins/furans, total dioxin-like PCBs and total PCBs were 2.01-2.05 ng I-TEQ/kg dw, 0.04-0.05 ng WHO-TEQ/kg dw and 1.55-1.55 microg/kg dw, respectively. Progressively elevated levels of these POPs were observed in the compost samples during the fermentation process. Analysis of the congener profiles revealed that the heptaCDD and octaCDD were the main contributors to the observed increase in dioxin/furan content. The possible sources of dioxins/furans in the compost were discussed. The study results established a local dioxins/furans emission factor specific to the trade and provided a better estimate of the annual dioxins/furans emission for the livestock waste composting activity in Hong Kong.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	0025326X
Issue Number	6-12
Volume Number	57
e-ISSN	18793363
Journal	Marine Pollution Bulletin
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2008-01-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Biology Animals, Domestic Benzofurans Analysis Environmental Pollutants Polychlorinated Biphenyls Analogs & Derivatives Soil Animals Fermentation Hong Kong Refuse Disposal Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pollution Aquatic Science Oceanography

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