NDLI: High incidence of hepatitis C virus reinfection in a cohort of injecting drug users.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Aitken, Campbell Kynoch Lewis, Jennifer Tracy, Samantha Lilly Spelman, Timothy Bowden, David Scott Bharadwaj, Mandvi Drummer, Heidi Hellard, Margaret
Spatial Coverage	Australia
Description	Country affiliation: Australia Author Affiliation: Aitken CK ( Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. aitken@burnet.edu.au)
Abstract	UNLABELLED: An estimated 170 million people worldwide carry the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and in more developed countries the prevalence and incidence of HCV is particularly high among injecting drug users (IDUs). Spontaneous clearance of HCV infection and reinfection is well recognized but the level of protection against further infection conferred by HCV infection and clearance remains uncertain. We conducted a prospective study of HCV infection in IDUs recruited in Melbourne, Australia, using a much shorter median testing interval than in previous studies. Incidences of naive infection and reinfection were calculated by the person-year method and Cox proportional hazards regression used to adjust for covariates. A significantly higher HCV incidence rate was measured in previously infected IDUs (46.8% per year) compared with HCV-naive IDUs (15.5% per year). The hazard ratio for previously infected IDUs compared to HCV-naive IDUs, after adjustment for time-dependent covariates, was 2.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-5.78, P > \|z\| < 0.05). Viral persistence after reinfection appeared similar to that following naive infection. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that HCV infection in IDUs is more likely following prior infection and clearance than in HCV-naive individuals, implying no increased immunity against further infection. This result has important implications for the future development of an HCV vaccine.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	02709139
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	48
e-ISSN	15273350
Journal	Hepatology
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2008-12-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Hepatology Hepatitis C Epidemiology Etiology Substance Abuse, Intravenous Complications Adult Australia Female Hepacivirus Pathogenicity Humans Incidence Kaplan-meier Estimate Liver Virology Male Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk Factors Secondary Prevention Time Factors Viral Hepatitis Vaccines Therapeutic Use Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Hepatology

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