NDLI: Autism spectrum disorder, functional MRI and MR spectroscopy: possibilities and challenges: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease: Vol 23, No 1

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Posters

Symposium presentations

Foreword

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Abstract: Prebiotics and probiotics – the importance of branding

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Akivo Lenzner, 1927–2012

Autism spectrum disorder, functional MRI and MR spectroscopy: possibilities and challenges: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease: Vol 23, No 1

Content Provider	Taylor & Francis Online
Author	Brix, Maiken Beyer, MonaK Hugdahl, Kenneth Ersland, Lars
Abstract	Background: In this article we provide an overview of the use of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) in studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We moreover provide preliminary data using these measures in cases of children with ASD and healthy controls. A hypothesis was that ASD children would show aberrant brain activation in the prefrontal and parietal cortex in an oddball stimulus situation, with predictable and unpredictable deviant tone stimuli, as an index of resistance to change in the ASD children. We also hypothesized that glutamate and GABA metabolite levels would differ between the two groups. Methods: fMRI images were acquired from a GE Signa HDx 3T MR scanner, as were the MRS data. Behavioral data were acquired as response accuracy to the deviant tone stimulus. The tone stimuli were presented in a standard fMRI ON-OFF box-car paradigim. Results: The fMRI results showed reduced brain activation in the ASD cases compared to the controls, preferably in the inferior and superior frontal gyrus, posterior temporal lobe, and superior and inferior parietal lobule. These areas make up an effort mode network (EMN), being activated in response to cognitive effort. The MRS results also showed differences between the groups. Discussion: The results are discussed in a theoretical framework of resistance to unexpected changes in the environment in ASD children, and how this could have a neurobiological underpinning. The results are also discussed in relation to the brain-gut link, and the possibility that ASD may have a microbial link. A limitation with the study is the few cases reported and the preliminary quality of the results.
File Format	PDF HTM / HTML
Journal	Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	1
Language	English
Publisher	Taylor & Francis
Publisher Date	2012-08-24
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) FMRI Oddball paradigm Brain activation MRS Glutamate GABA
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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Autism spectrum disorder, functional MRI and MR spectroscopy: possibilities and challenges: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease: Vol 23, No 1