NDLI: Equine attachment site preferences and seasonality of common North American ticks: Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor albipictus, and Ixodes scapularis

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Sundstrom, Kellee D. Lineberry, Megan W. Grant, Amber N. Duncan, Kathryn T. Ientile, Michelle M. Little, Susan E.
Abstract	Background Ticks are common on horses, but recent publications characterizing equine tick infestations in North America are lacking. Methods To further understand attachment site preferences of common ticks of horses, and to document the seasonality of equine tick infestation in northeastern Oklahoma, horses from eight farms were evaluated twice a month over a 1-year period. Each horse was systematically inspected beginning at the head and moving caudally to the tail. Attachment sites of ticks were recorded and all ticks collected were identified to species and stage. Results Horses (26 males and 62 females) enrolled in the study ranged in age from 1 to 23 years (mean = 12, 95% CI 11–13). A total of 2731 ticks were collected; 84.1% (74/88) of the horses were infested (median = 3 ticks) at one or more examinations. Five tick species were identified, including Amblyomma americanum (78.2%; 2136/2731), Ixodes scapularis (18.2%; 497/2731), Dermacentor albipictus brown variant (2.6%; 71/2731), Dermacentor variabilis (0.7%; 20/2731), and Amblyomma maculatum (0.3%; 7/231). Most ticks were adults (83.6%; 2282/2731), but immature A. americanum (436/2136; 20.4%), D. albipictus (12/71; 16.9%), and A. maculatum (n = 1) were occasionally recovered. Amblyomma americanum were most often attached to the inguinal area, and I. scapularis and D. albipictus were most commonly found on the chest and axillary region (P < 0.0001). Ticks were found on horses in every month of the year. The largest number of ticks (638/2731; 23.4%) were collected in May (P < 0.0001). Amblyomma americanum, primarily immature, was the only tick recovered in September, I. scapularis and D. albipictus predominated October through February, and both A. americanum and I. scapularis were common in March. In the warmer months, April through August, A. americanum was the most common tick, followed by D. variabilis and A. maculatum. Conclusions This research confirms that ticks common on horses in North America have attachment site preferences and that ticks infest horses in Oklahoma throughout the year, including during the winter. Additional research is warranted to fully understand the risk these infestations pose to equine health. Graphical abstract
Related Links	https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13071-021-04927-8.pdf
Ending Page	7
Page Count	7
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17563305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-021-04927-8
Journal	Parasites & Vectors
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	14
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2021-08-14
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Parasitology Entomology Tropical Medicine Infectious Diseases Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Science Virology Amblyomma Dermacentor Ixodes Attachment site Equine Tick Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Veterinary Infectious Diseases Parasitology
Journal Impact Factor	3/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.3/2023

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