NDLI: Effectiveness of the Brazilian Visceral Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control Programme in reducing the prevalence and incidence of Leishmania infantum infection

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	da Rocha, Iara Caixeta Marques dos Santos, Letícia Helena Marques Coura-Vital, Wendel da Cunha, Gisele Macedo Rodrigues Magalhães, Fernanda do Carmo da Silva, Thais Almeida Marques Morais, Maria Helena Franco Oliveira, Edward Reis, Ilka Afonso Carneiro, Mariângela
Abstract	Background Control strategies adopted by the Brazilian Visceral Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control Programme (VLSCP) include identifying and culling seropositive infected dogs, early diagnosis and treatment of human cases, chemical control of the vector and population awareness. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the VLSCP on the prevalence and incidence rates of Leishmania infantum in children residing in areas under different VLSCP intervention times. Methods A quasi-experimental epidemiological study with a panel (two cross-sectional) and a concurrent cohort was performed in three areas of Belo Horizonte, southeast Brazil. The first cross-sectional study (I) was carried out with 1875 children, 478 of which were enrolled in the cohort study. In the second cross-sectional study (II), 413 additional children were included, totalizing 891 children. Laboratory diagnosis was performed by ELISA-rK39. Analyses included multilevel logistic and Poisson regression models. Results The incidence rates of L. infantum infection were: 14.4% in the area where VLSCP intervention was initiated in 2006 (AI2006); 21.1% in the area where intervention was initiated in 2008 (AI2008); and 11.6% in the area where intervention was initiated in 2010 (AI2010 - control area). A follow-up period of 24 months showed that the persons-time incidence rates in AI2006, AI2008, and AI2010 were: 6.2/100, 10/100, and 5.6/100 persons/24 months, respectively. The final prevalence rates of infection (cross-sectional II - in 2012), compared to the initial rates (cross-sectional I - in 2010), increased 83.7% in AI2006, 74.1% in AI2008, and decreased 5% in AI2010. Analysis of the effectiveness revealed that children residing in AI2008 are more likely to be infected (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.06-3.23) and present a higher risk of infection (IRR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.05-2.95) compared to those in AI2010. No statistically significant differences were observed in asymptomatic infection (OR and IRR) in AI2006 compared to AI2010. Conclusions The VLSCP was not effective at controlling L. infantum infection in areas where interventions had respectively been carried out for six and four years. However, it is unclear what the consequences in terms of human infection and diseases would be in the absence of the VLSCP. Efforts to improve the effectiveness of control measures remain a necessary priority.
Related Links	https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13071-018-3166-0.pdf
Ending Page	12
Page Count	12
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17563305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-018-3166-0
Journal	Parasites & Vectors
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2018-11-12
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Parasitology Entomology Tropical Medicine Infectious Diseases Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Science Virology Leishmania infantum infection Control programme Visceral leishmaniasis Effectiveness Quasi-experimental study Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Veterinary Infectious Diseases Parasitology
Journal Impact Factor	3/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.3/2023

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