NDLI: Epidural stimulation restores muscle synergies by modulating neural drives in participants with sensorimotor complete spinal cord injuries

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Singh, Rajat Emanuel Ahmadi, Aliya Parr, Ann M. Samadani, Uzma Krassioukov, Andrei V. Netoff, Theoden I. Darrow, David P.
Abstract	Multiple studies have corroborated the restoration of volitional motor control after motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI) through the use of epidural spinal cord stimulation (eSCS), but rigorous quantitative descriptions of muscle coordination have been lacking. Six participants with chronic, motor and sensory complete SCI underwent a brain motor control assessment (BMCA) consisting of a set of structured motor tasks with and without eSCS. We investigated how muscle activity complexity and muscle synergies changed with and without stimulation. We performed this analysis to better characterize the impact of stimulation on neuromuscular control. We also recorded data from nine healthy participants as controls. Competition exists between the task origin and neural origin hypotheses underlying muscle synergies. The ability to restore motor control with eSCS in participants with motor and sensory complete SCI allows us to test whether changes in muscle synergies reflect a neural basis in the same task. Muscle activity complexity was computed with Higuchi Fractal Dimensional (HFD) analysis, and muscle synergies were estimated using non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF) in six participants with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Score (AIS) A. We found that the complexity of muscle activity was immediately reduced by eSCS in the SCI participants. We also found that over the follow-up sessions, the muscle synergy structure of the SCI participants became more defined, and the number of synergies decreased over time, indicating improved coordination between muscle groups. Lastly, we found that the muscle synergies were restored with eSCS, supporting the neural hypothesis of muscle synergies. We conclude that eSCS restores muscle movements and muscle synergies that are distinct from those of healthy, able-bodied controls.
Related Links	https://jneuroengrehab.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12984-023-01164-1.pdf
Ending Page	22
Page Count	22
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17430003
DOI	10.1186/s12984-023-01164-1
Journal	Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	20
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2023-05-03
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Neurosciences Neurology Rehabilitation Medicine Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Muscle synergies Spinal Cord Injury Brain motor control assessment Electromyography Complexity
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health Informatics Rehabilitation
Journal Impact Factor	5.2/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	5.6/2023

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