NDLI: 4R-cembranoid confers neuroprotection against LPS-induced hippocampal inflammation in mice

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Rojas-Colón, Luis A. Dash, Pramod K. Morales-Vías, Fabiola A. Lebrón-Dávila, Madeline Ferchmin, Pedro A. Redell, John B. Maldonado-Martínez, Geronimo Vélez-Torres, Wanda I.
Abstract	Background Chronic brain inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. For example, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been associated with impairments in hippocampal-dependent memory. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection is a widely used model to explore the pathobiology of inflammation. LPS injection into mice causes systemic inflammation, neuronal damage, and poor memory outcomes if the inflammation is not controlled. Activation of the alpha-7 nicotinic receptor (α7) plays an anti-inflammatory role in the brain through vagal efferent nerve signaling. 4R-cembranoid (4R) is a natural compound that crosses the blood-brain barrier, induces neuronal survival, and has been shown to modulate the activity of nicotinic receptors. The purpose of this study is to determine whether 4R reduces the deleterious effects of LPS-induced neuroinflammation and whether the α7 receptor plays a role in mediating these beneficial effects. Methods Ex vivo population spike recordings were performed in C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and alpha-7-knockout (α7KO) mouse hippocampal slices in the presence of 4R and nicotinic receptor inhibitors. For in vivo studies, WT and α7KO mice were injected with LPS for 2 h, followed by 4R or vehicle for 22 h. Analyses of IL-1β, TNF-α, STAT3, CREB, Akt1, and the long-term novel object recognition test (NORT) were performed for both genotypes. In addition, RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR analyses were carried out for 12 mRNAs related to neuroinflammation and their modification by 4R. Results 4R confers neuroprotection after NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in both WT and α7KO mice. Moreover, hippocampal TNF-α and IL-1β levels were decreased with 4R treatment following LPS exposure in both strains of mice. 4R restored LPS-induced cognitive decline in NORT. There was a significant increase in the phosphorylation of STAT3, CREB, and Akt1 with 4R treatment in the WT mouse hippocampus following LPS exposure. In α7KO mice, only pAkt levels were significantly elevated in the cortex. 4R significantly upregulated mRNA levels of ORM2, GDNF, and C3 following LPS exposure. These proteins are known to play a role in modulating microglial activation, neuronal survival, and memory. Conclusion Our results indicate that 4R decreases the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines; improves memory function; activates STAT3, Akt1, and CREB phosphorylation; and upregulates the mRNA levels of ORM2, GDNF, and C3. These effects are independent of the α7 nicotinic receptor.
Related Links	https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12974-021-02136-9.pdf
Ending Page	13
Page Count	13
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17422094
DOI	10.1186/s12974-021-02136-9
Journal	Journal of Neuroinflammation
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	18
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2021-04-19
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Neurosciences Neurology Neurobiology Immunology Neuroinflammation Mice 4R TNF-α IL-1β Akt1 CREB α7 receptor
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Immunology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Neurology
Journal Impact Factor	9.3/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	9.8/2023

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Correction to: 4R-cembranoid confers neuroprotection against LPS-induced hippocampal inflammation in mice

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