NDLI: Defense suppression benefits herbivores that have a monopoly on their feeding site but can backfire within natural communities

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Glas, Joris J Alba, Juan M Simoni, Sauro Villarroel, Carlos A Stoops, Marije Schimmel, Bernardus CJ Schuurink, Robert C Sabelis, Maurice W Kant, Merijn R
Abstract	Background Plants have inducible defenses to combat attacking organisms. Hence, some herbivores have adapted to suppress these defenses. Suppression of plant defenses has been shown to benefit herbivores by boosting their growth and reproductive performance. Results We observed in field-grown tomatoes that spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) establish larger colonies on plants already infested with the tomato russet mite (Aculops lycopersici). Using laboratory assays, we observed that spider mites have a much higher reproductive performance on russet mite-infested plants, similar to their performance on the jasmonic acid (JA)-biosynthesis mutant def-1. Hence, we tested if russet mites suppress JA-responses thereby facilitating spider mites. We found that russet mites manipulate defenses: they induce those mediated by salicylic acid (SA) but suppress those mediated by JA which would otherwise hinder growth. This suppression of JA-defenses occurs downstream of JA-accumulation and is independent from its natural antagonist SA. In contrast, spider mites induced both JA- and SA-responses while plants infested with the two mite species together display strongly reduced JA-responses, yet a doubled SA-response. The spider mite-induced JA-response in the presence of russet mites was restored on transgenic tomatoes unable to accumulate SA (nahG), but russet mites alone still did not induce JA-responses on nahG plants. Thus, indirect facilitation of spider mites by russet mites depends on the antagonistic action of SA on JA while suppression of JA-defenses by russet mites does not. Furthermore, russet mite-induced SA-responses inhibited secondary infection by Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) while not affecting the mite itself. Finally, while facilitating spider mites, russet mites experience reduced population growth. Conclusions Our results show that the benefits of suppressing plant defenses may diminish within communities with natural competitors. We show that suppression of defenses via the JA-SA antagonism can be a consequence, rather than the cause, of a primary suppression event and that its overall effect is determined by the presence of competing herbivores and the distinct palette of defenses these induce. Thus, whether or not host-defense manipulation improves an herbivore’s fitness depends on interactions with other herbivores via induced-host defenses, implicating bidirectional causation of community structure of herbivores sharing a plant.
Related Links	https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12915-014-0098-9.pdf
Ending Page	14
Page Count	14
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17417007
DOI	10.1186/s12915-014-0098-9
Journal	BMC Biology
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	12
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2014-11-18
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Life Sciences Plant-herbivore interactions Plant defense Phytohormones Defense suppression Plant-mediated indirect interactions Community ecology Solanum lycopersicum Aculops lycopersici Tetranychus urticae Pseudomonas syringae
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Structural Biology Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Plant Science Biotechnology Physiology Agricultural and Biological Sciences Cell Biology Developmental Biology
Journal Impact Factor	4.4/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	5.4/2023

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Defense suppression benefits herbivores that have a monopoly on their feeding site but can backfire within natural communities

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Data from: Plant nutrient supply alters the magnitude of indirect interactions between insect herbivores: from foliar chemistry to community dynamics (Dataset)

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Defense suppression benefits herbivores that have a monopoly on their feeding site but can backfire within natural communities

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Defense suppression benefits herbivores that have a monopoly on their feeding site but can backfire within natural communities