NDLI: Trifolium pratense ethanolic extract alters the gut microbiota composition and regulates serum lipid profile in the ovariectomized rats

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Quah, Yixian Park, Na-Hye Lee, Eon-Bee Lee, Ki-Ja Yi-Le, Jireh Chan Ali, Md. Sekendar Jang, Seung-Hee Kim, Min-Jeong Lee, Seung-Jin Park, Seung-Chun
Abstract	Background Trifolium pratense (red clover) ethanolic extract (TPEE) has been used as a popular over-the-counter remedy for the management of menopausal symptoms. Prolonged consumption of herbal extract has been shown to regulate the composition of gut microbiota. This study was designed to elucidate the influence of TPEE on the gut microbiota composition in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods OVX rats were treated with TPEE at 125, 250, 500 mg/kg/day, or controls (pomegranate extract, 500 mg/kg/day; estradiol, 25 μg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Gut microbiota analysis was conducted by extracting the microbial DNA from fecal samples and microbiome taxonomic profiling was carried out by using next-generation sequencing. The levels of serum biomarkers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The prediction of functional biomarker of microbiota was performed using PICRUSt to investigate the potential pathways associated with gut health and serum lipid profile regulation. To study the correlation between gut microbiota composition and serum lipid levels, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were defined and analyzed. Additionally, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was conducted to uncover additional physiologically active ingredients. Results TPEE-treated OVX rats showed significant reduction in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterols (TCHOL), and LDL/VLDL levels but increase in HDL level. The alteration in the pathways involve in metabolism was the most common among the other KEGG categories. Particularly, TPEE also significantly reduced the relative abundance of sequences read associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway. TPEE intervention was seen to reduce the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in the OVX rats, denoting a reduction in microbial dysbiosis in the OVX rats. Correlation analysis at the phylum level revealed that Bacteriodetes and Proteobacteria were strongly correlated with serum TG, TCHOL and HDL levels. At the species level, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum group was seen to positively correlate with serum HDL level and negatively correlated with serum AST, ALT, LDL/VLDL, TCHOL, and TG levels. Conclusions TPEE treatment showed therapeutic benefits by improving the intestinal microbiota composition which strongly correlated with the serum lipid and cholesterol levels in the OVX rats.
Related Links	https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12906-021-03486-w.pdf
Ending Page	15
Page Count	15
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	26627671
DOI	10.1186/s12906-021-03486-w
Journal	BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	22
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2022-01-04
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Complementary & Alternative Medicine Internal Medicine Chiropractic Medicine Trifolium pratense Dysbiosis Gut microbiota Hypocholesterolemic effect Menopause
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Journal Impact Factor	3.3/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.6/2023

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