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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Kiggundu, Thomas Kalyesubula, Robert Andia-Biraro, Irene Makanga, Gyaviira Byakika-Kibwika, Pauline |
| Abstract | Background HIV infection affects multiple organs and the kidney is a common target making renal disease, one of the recognized complications. Microalbuminuria represents an early, important marker of kidney damage in several populations including HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients. Early detection of microalbuminuria is critical to slowing down progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in HIV-infected patients, however, the burden of microalbuminuria in HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients in Uganda is unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mulago Immune suppression syndrome (ISS) clinic among adult HIV − infected ART naïve outpatients. Data on patient demographics, medical history was collected. Physical examination was performed to assess body mass index (BMI) and hypertension. A single spot morning urine sample from each participant was analysed for microalbuminuria using spectrophotometry and colorimetry. Microalbuminuria was defined by a urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) 30-299 mg/g and macroalbuminuria by a UACR > 300 mg/g. To assess the factors associated with microalbuminuria, chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, quantile regression and logistic regression were used. Results A total of 185 adult participants were consecutively enrolled with median age and CD4+ counts of 33(IQR = 28–40) years and 428 (IQR = 145–689) cells/μL respectively. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 18.9% (95% CI, 14–25%). None of the participants had macroalbuminuria. CD4+ count <350cells/μL was associated with increased risk of microalbuminuria (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12–0.59), P value = 0.001). Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake were not found to be significantly associated with microalbuminuria. Conclusion Microalbuminuria was highly prevalent in adult HIV − infected ART naive patients especially those with low CD4+ count. There is need to study the effect of ART on microalbuminuria in adult HIV − infected patients. |
| Related Links | https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12882-020-02091-2.pdf |
| Ending Page | 6 |
| Page Count | 6 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 14712369 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12882-020-02091-2 |
| Journal | BMC Nephrology |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 21 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2020-10-20 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Nephrology Internal Medicine HIV Microalbuminuria Uganda ART naïve |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Nephrology |
| Journal Impact Factor | 2.2/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 2.6/2023 |
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