NDLI: A tentacle for every occasion: comparing the hunting tentacles and sweeper tentacles, used for territorial competition, in the coral Galaxea fascicularis

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Yosef, Oshra Popovits, Yotam Malik, Assaf Ofek-Lalzer, Maya Mass, Tali Sher, Daniel
Abstract	Background Coral reefs are among the most diverse, complex and densely populated marine ecosystems. To survive, morphologically simple and sessile cnidarians have developed mechanisms to catch prey, deter predators and compete with adjacent corals for space, yet the mechanisms underlying these functions are largely unknown. Here, we characterize the histology, toxic activity and gene expression patterns in two different types of tentacles from the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascilcularis – catch tentacles (CTs), used to catch prey and deter predators, and sweeper tentacles (STs), specialized tentacles used for territorial aggression. Results STs exhibit more mucocytes and higher expression of mucin genes than CTs, and lack the ectodermal cilia used to deliver food to the mouth and remove debris. STs and CTs also express different sensory rhodopsin-like g-protein coupled receptors, suggesting they may employ different sensory pathways. Each tentacle type has a different complement of stinging cells (nematocytes), and the expression in the two tentacles of genes encoding structural nematocyte proteins suggests the stinging cells develop within the tentacles. CTs have higher neurotoxicity to blowfly larvae and hemolytic activity compared to the STs, consistent with a role in prey capture. In contrast, STs have higher phospholipase A2 activity, which we speculate may have a role in inducing tissue damage during territorial aggression. The expression of genes encoding cytolytic toxins (actinoporins) and phospholipases also differs between the tentacle types. Conclusions These results show that the same organism utilizes two distinct tentacle types, each equipped with a different venom apparatus and toxin composition, for prey capture and defense and for territorial aggression.
Related Links	https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12864-020-06952-w.pdf
Ending Page	16
Page Count	16
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712164
DOI	10.1186/s12864-020-06952-w
Journal	BMC Genomics
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	21
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2020-08-08
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Life Sciences Microarrays Proteomics Animal Genetics and Genomics Microbial Genetics and Genomics Plant Genetics and Genomics Coral Territorial aggression Tentacle Venom Histology Transcriptome
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biotechnology Genetics
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	4.1/2023

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