NDLI: Dispersal of an ancient retroposon in the TP53 promoter of Bovidae: phylogeny, novel mechanisms, and potential implications for cow milk persistency

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Dekel, Yaron Machluf, Yossy Ben-Dor, Shifra Yifa, Oren Stoler, Aviad Ben-Shlomo, Izhar Bercovich, Dani
Abstract	Background In recent years, the perception of transposable genetic elements has changed from “junk DNA” to a focus of interest when appearing near or inside genes. Bov-A2 is a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) that was first found in Bovidae and later in other ruminants. This retroposon is mostly used as a marker for phylogenetic analysis. Results We describe insertions of Bov-A2 in the promoter region of TP53, a key tumor suppressor gene that is indispensable for diverse developmental processes, in Antilopinae and Tragelaphini (belonging to the Bovinae subfamily). In Tragelaphini two Bov-A2 elements were inserted sequentially, whereas in 5 tribes of Antilopinae only one Bov-A2 element was inserted, in a different site and reverse orientation. The entrance site in both cases employed short palindromes that can form hairpin secondary structures. Interestingly, mutations that create or disrupt base pairing in the palindrome sequence dictated the presence or absence of Bov-A2, such as in the domestic cow and buffalo, which lack Bov-A2. Transcription factor binding site analysis revealed unique binding sites for STAT3 and NFκB within the Bov-A2 sequence, which together with TP53 itself are known to play a crucial role in mammary involution. Conclusions This report demonstrates how short palindromes serve as hot spots for Bov-A2 retroposon insertion into the mammalian genome. The strict correlation between point mutation in the palindromes and the presence/absence of Bov-A2 retroposon insertions, questions the use of singular insertion events as valid phylogenetic markers inside families. Bov-A2 insertion into the TP53 promoter in Antilopinae and Tragelaphini may not only provide a genetic network that regulates mammary involution, but can also answer the need for rapid mammary involution in Savanna antelopes after weaning, partially in response to predation stress. The absence of Bov-A2 in domestic bovids may constitute the molecular background for greater lactation persistency.
Related Links	https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12864-015-1235-8.pdf
Ending Page	12
Page Count	12
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712164
DOI	10.1186/s12864-015-1235-8
Journal	BMC Genomics
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	16
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2015-02-05
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Life Sciences Microarrays Proteomics Animal Genetics and Genomics Microbial Genetics and Genomics Plant Genetics and Genomics TP53 Promoter Bov-A2 Molecular Phylogeny Milk Persistency Palindrome
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biotechnology Genetics
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	4.1/2023

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