NDLI: Validation and comparison of clinical prediction rules for invasive candidiasis in intensive care unit patients: a matched case-control study

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Hermsen, Elizabeth D Zapapas, Michelle K Maiefski, Melissa Rupp, Mark E Freifeld, Alison G Kalil, Andre C
Abstract	Introduction Due to the increasing prevalence and severity of invasive candidiasis, investigators have developed clinical prediction rules to identify patients who may benefit from antifungal prophylaxis or early empiric therapy. The aims of this study were to validate and compare the Paphitou and Ostrosky-Zeichner clinical prediction rules in ICU patients in a 689-bed academic medical center. Methods We conducted a retrospective matched case-control study from May 2003 to June 2008 to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of each rule. Cases included adults with ICU stays of at least four days and invasive candidiasis matched to three controls by age, gender and ICU admission date. The clinical prediction rules were applied to cases and controls via retrospective chart review to evaluate the success of the rules in predicting invasive candidiasis. Paphitou's rule included diabetes, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and dialysis with or without antibiotics. Ostrosky-Zeichner's rule included antibiotics or central venous catheter plus at least two of the following: surgery, immunosuppression, TPN, dialysis, corticosteroids and pancreatitis. Conditional logistic regression was performed to evaluate the rules. Discriminative power was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC). Results A total of 352 patients were included (88 cases and 264 controls). The incidence of invasive candidiasis among adults with an ICU stay of at least four days was 2.3%. The prediction rules performed similarly, exhibiting low PPVs (0.041 to 0.054), high NPVs (0.983 to 0.990) and AUC ROCs (0.649 to 0.705). A new prediction rule (Nebraska Medical Center rule) was developed with PPVs, NPVs and AUC ROCs of 0.047, 0.994 and 0.770, respectively. Conclusions Based on low PPVs and high NPVs, the rules are most useful for identifying patients who are not likely to develop invasive candidiasis, potentially preventing unnecessary antifungal use, optimizing patient ICU care and facilitating the design of forthcoming antifungal clinical trials.
Related Links	https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/cc10366.pdf
Ending Page	8
Page Count	8
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	13648535
DOI	10.1186/cc10366
Journal	Critical Care
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	15
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2011-08-09
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Intensive Critical Care Medicine Emergency Medicine candidiasis clinical prediction rules prophylaxis
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Journal Impact Factor	8.8/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	10.4/2023

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