NDLI: Transfusion related acute lung injury presenting with acute dyspnoea: a case report

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Haji, Altaf Gauhar Sharma, Shekhar Vijaykumar, D. K. Paul, Jerry
Abstract	Introduction Transfusion-related acute lung injury is emerging as a common cause of transfusion-related adverse events. However, awareness about this entity in the medical fraternity is low and it, consequently, remains a very under-reported and often an under-diagnosed complication of transfusion therapy. Case presentation We report a case of a 46-year old woman who developed acute respiratory and hemodynamic instability following a single unit blood transfusion in the postoperative period. Investigation results were non-specific and a diagnosis of transfusion-related acute lung injury was made after excluding other possible causes of acute lung injury. She responded to symptomatic management with ventilatory and vasopressor support and recovered completely over the next 72 hours. Conclusion The diagnosis of transfusion-related acute lung injury relies on excluding other causes of acute pulmonary edema following transfusion, such as sepsis, volume overload, and cardiogenic pulmonary edema. All plasma containing blood products have been implicated in transfusion-related acute lung injury, with the majority being linked to whole blood, packed red blood cells, platelets, and fresh-frozen plasma. The pathogenesis of transfusion-related acute lung injury may be explained by a \"two-hit\" hypothesis, involving priming of the inflammatory machinery and then activation of this primed mechanism. Treatment is supportive, with prognosis being substantially better than for most other causes of acute lung injury.
Related Links	https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1752-1947-2-336.pdf
Ending Page	6
Page Count	6
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17521947
DOI	10.1186/1752-1947-2-336
Journal	Journal of Medical Case Reports
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	2
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2008-10-28
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Medicine Public Health General Practice Family Medicine Primary Care Medicine Surgical Oncology Internal Medicine Pulmonary Edema Acute Lung Injury Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Transfusion Therapy Circulatory Overload Medicine/Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Case study
Subject	Medicine
Journal Impact Factor	0.9/2023

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