NDLI: Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in children

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Venturini, Elisabetta Turkova, Anna Chiappini, Elena Galli, Luisa de Martino, Maurizio Thorne, Claire
Abstract	HIV is the top and tuberculosis is the second leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide, with an estimated 8.7 million incident cases of tuberculosis and 2.5 million new HIV infections annually. The World Health Organization estimates that HIV prevalence among children with tuberculosis, in countries with moderate to high prevalence, ranges from 10 to 60%. The mechanisms promoting susceptibility of people with HIV to tuberculosis disease are incompletely understood, being likely caused by multifactorial processes.Paediatric tuberculosis and HIV have overlapping clinical manifestations, which could lead to missed or late diagnosis. Although every effort should be made to obtain a microbiologically-confirmed diagnosis in children with tuberculosis, in reality this may only be achieved in a minority, reflecting their paucibacillary nature and the difficulties in obtain samples. Rapid polymerase chain reaction tests, such as Xpert MTB/RIF assay, are increasingly used in children. The use of less or non invasive methods of sample collection, such as naso-pharyngeal aspirates and stool samples for a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic test tests and mycobacterial cultures is promising technique in HIV negative and HIV positive children. Anti-tuberculosis treatment should be started immediately at diagnosis with a four drug regimen, irrespective of the disease severity. Moreover, tuberculosis disease in an HIV infected child is considered to be a clinical indication for initiation of antiretroviral treatment. The World Health Organization recommends starting antiretroviral treatment in children as soon as anti-tuberculosis treatment is tolerated and within 2- 8 weeks after initiating it. The treatment of choice depends on the child’s age and availability of age-appropriate formulations, and potential drug interactions and resistance. Treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in HIV-infected children follows same principles as for HIV uninfected children. There are conflicting results on effectiveness of isoniazid preventive therapy in reducing incidence of tuberculosis disease in children with HIV. Conclusion Data on HIV/TB co-infection in children are still lacking. There are on-going large clinical trials on the prevention and treatment of TB/HIV infection in children that hopefully will help to guide an evidence-based clinical practice in both resource-rich and resource-limited settings.
Related Links	https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2334-14-S1-S5.pdf
Ending Page	10
Page Count	10
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712334
DOI	10.1186/1471-2334-14-S1-S5
Journal	BMC Infectious Diseases
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	14
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2014-01-08
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Infectious Diseases Parasitology Medical Microbiology Tropical Medicine Internal Medicine Tuberculin Skin Test Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Induce Sputum Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Positive Tuberculin Skin Test
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Review
Subject	Infectious Diseases
Journal Impact Factor	3.4/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.3/2023

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV discordant partners using interferon gamma release assays

Latent and subclinical tuberculosis in HIV infected patients: a cross-sectional study

School based screening for tuberculosis infection in Norway: comparison of positive tuberculin skin test with interferon-gamma release assay

Acceptability and adherence to Isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV-infected patients clinically screened for latent tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Prolonged tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: characteristics and risk factors

Poor concordance between interferon-γ release assays and tuberculin skin tests in diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected individuals

Force of tuberculosis infection among adolescents in a high HIV and TB prevalence community: a cross-sectional observation study

Prevalence and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection among health care workers in Malaysia

Multifocal tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome – a case report of a complicated scenario

Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in children

Similar Documents

Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV discordant partners using interferon gamma release assays

Latent and subclinical tuberculosis in HIV infected patients: a cross-sectional study

School based screening for tuberculosis infection in Norway: comparison of positive tuberculin skin test with interferon-gamma release assay

Acceptability and adherence to Isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV-infected patients clinically screened for latent tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Prolonged tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: characteristics and risk factors

Poor concordance between interferon-γ release assays and tuberculin skin tests in diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected individuals

Force of tuberculosis infection among adolescents in a high HIV and TB prevalence community: a cross-sectional observation study

Prevalence and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection among health care workers in Malaysia

Multifocal tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome – a case report of a complicated scenario

Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in children