NDLI: Regional variations in Paneth cell antimicrobial peptide expression along the mouse intestinal tract

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Karlsson, Jenny Pütsep, Katrin Chu, Hiutung Kays, Robert J Bevins, Charles L Andersson, Mats
Abstract	Background Enteric antimicrobial peptides secreted from Paneth cells, including α-defensins (in mice named cryptdins), are key effector molecules of innate immunity in the small intestine. The importance of Paneth cells α-defensins emerged from studies of enteric bacterial infection in genetically modified mice, as well as from recent studies linking reduced levels of these α-defensins to Crohn's disease localized to the ileum. However, analysis of expression of Paneth cell α-defensins is incomplete. We therefore performed a comprehensive evaluation of the distribution of antimicrobial molecules along the mouse small intestinal tract to identify potential variations in regional expression. Results In conventionally reared mice, the repertoire of Paneth cell antimicrobials differs between duodenum and ileum. In contrast to the uniform expression of most Paneth cell antimicrobials, both cryptdin 4 and cryptdin-related sequences (CRS) 4C peptides were expressed at progressively increasing amounts (101- and 104-fold, respectively) comparing duodenum and ileum. In tissues other than the small intestine, expression of CRS peptides was noted in thymus and caecum. Most Paneth cell products were also produced in the small intestine of germ-free mice at levels similar to those in controls, however CRS4C and RegIIIγ had reduced levels in the former (3- and 8-fold, respectively). No significant changes in expression levels of Paneth cell antimicrobial peptides was observed after oral challenge with either Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium or Listeria monocytogenes, supporting current notions on the constitutive nature of this defensive system. Conclusion The repertoire of antimicrobial peptides changes along the small intestinal tract, and a subset of these molecules are up-regulated upon colonization, but not in response to enteric bacterial pathogens. The changes detected upon colonization suggest that Paneth cell antimicrobial peptides may play an important role in commensal microbial homeostasis, in addition to their proposed role in protection against infection. In addition, the differential expression of CRS4C along the small intestine suggests mechanisms of regulation that are distinct from other Paneth cell derived antimicrobial peptides.
Related Links	https://bmcimmunol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2172-9-37.pdf
Ending Page	11
Page Count	11
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712172
DOI	10.1186/1471-2172-9-37
Journal	BMC Immunology
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	9
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2008-07-17
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Immunology Allergology Vaccine Cytokines and Growth Factors Small Intestine Antimicrobial Peptide Paneth Cell Resident Microbiota Antimicrobial Peptide Expression
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Immunology
Journal Impact Factor	2.9/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.3/2023

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