NDLI: Activators regenerated by electron transfer in ATRP of methyl methacrylate with alcohol as reducing agent in the presence of a base

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Activators regenerated by electron transfer in ATRP of methyl methacrylate with alcohol as reducing agent in the presence of a base

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lu, Mang Wu, Hu Liu, Li Chao Wang, Guo Xiang
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was synthesized via activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) (ARGET ATRP) of methyl methacrylate in N,N-dimethylformamide and using ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate as initiator, CuCl$_{2}$ as catalyst, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene-diamine as ligand and ethanol as a reducing agent. The polymerization temperature was kept at 70 °C. A well-defined PMMA with predetermined molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution was obtained. A linear relationship between ln([M]$_{0}$/[M]) and polymerization time was found to show the living and controllable radical polymerization. The molecular weights of the obtained polymers increased linearly with monomer conversion and the data are in good agreement with the theoretical values with narrow molecular weight distribution (M $_{w}$/M $_{n}$). That is to say, alcohols were found to be a kind of highly efficient agents in the presence of Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}$ in this system. The effects of temperature, different types of alcohols and the amount of n-propanol on the polymerization were investigated. With increasing temperature (changed from 70 to 90 °C) and the amount of n-propanol (changed from 500:1:1:2:1:2 to 500:1:1:2:10:2), the conversion increased from 15.6 to 34.7 % and from 8.6 to 26.8 %, respectively. However, the value of M $_{w}$/M $_{n}$ became broader when the molar ratio of [MMA]$_{0}$/[EBiB]$_{0}$/[CuCl$_{2}$]$_{0}$/[TMEDA]$_{0}$/[n-propanol]$_{0}$/[Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}$]$_{0}$ was 500:1:1:2:1:2, indicating that the amount of n-propanol played an important role in ARGET ATRP of MMA. The activation energy was calculated to be 51.96 kJ/mol. The different types of alcohol were demonstrated to be an efficient reducing agent in this system except for tert-butyl alcohol. The “living” feature of the obtained polymer was further verified by a chain extension experiment. The obtained polymer was characterized by $^{1}$H NMR and GPC.
Starting Page	891
Ending Page	896
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10261265
Journal	Iranian Polymer Journal
Volume Number	22
Issue Number	12
e-ISSN	17355265
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-10-11
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	MMA Polymer Sciences Living polymerization ARGET ATRP Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods Alcohol Reducing agent
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Materials Chemistry Chemical Engineering Polymers and Plastics

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