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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Shin, Chan Young Park, Hyun Mee Park, Kyung Su Lee, Seung Bok Lee, Hyo Sun Jung, Hyungil Kim, Youn Jung Ryu, Jae Chun |
| Copyright Year | 2013 |
| Abstract | Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a significant environmental issue. PM is divided into three main fractions based on its size: coarse (2.5–10 μm), fine (0.1–2.5 μm), and ultrafine fractions (<0.1 μm). Fine particles and ultrafine fractions which are designated as particulate matter 2.5 (PM$_{2.5}$) is small enough to reach alveoli in the lungs. Although the correlation between the chemical composition of PM$_{2.5}$ and its toxic mechanisms has not been elucidated, several studies of PM$_{2.5}$ have found evidence that ambient air PM$_{2.5}$ is associated with adverse health effects. In the present study, the chemical compositions of water- and organic-soluble extracts of PM$_{2.5}$ from 50 sample filters collected in the winter in the middle part of Seoul were measured. The water-soluble extract was analyzed to determine its contents of inorganic ions and metals using ion chromatography, atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The main inorganic ions were Cl$^{−}$, NO$_{3}$ $^{−}$, SO$_{4}$ $^{2−}$, and NH$_{4}$ $^{+}$, with a total quantity in the range of 20.02 to 40.22 μg/m$^{3}$ in ambient air. In a sample of all five groups, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, and Zn together accounted for 902.14 to 1631.25 ng/m$^{3}$ in ambient air. The concentrations of thirteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the organic-soluble extract were analyzed using gas chromatography/time of flight-mass spectrometry. The thirteen PAHs combined constituted 6.24–76.05 ng/m$^{3}$ in ambient air. In this study, we report the chemical composition of PM$_{2.5}$ during the winter season in Seoul and suggest using a high-volume air sampler to create water- and organic-soluble extracts from large amounts of PM$_{2.5}$, which could be used to conduct in vitro and in vivo experiments, including studying genomic changes following PM exposure. |
| Starting Page | 55 |
| Ending Page | 64 |
| Page Count | 10 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 20059752 |
| Journal | Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences |
| Volume Number | 5 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| e-ISSN | 22337784 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Netherlands |
| Publisher Date | 2013-08-02 |
| Publisher Place | Dordrecht |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Extracts from PM$_{2.5}$ Inorganic ions Metals PAHs Extraction method Pharmacology/Toxicology Environmental Health |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Toxicology |
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