NDLI: Water-soluble ionic composition of PM$_{2.5–10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ aerosols in the lower troposphere of an industrial city Raipur, the eastern central India

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Water-soluble ionic composition of PM$_{2.5–10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ aerosols in the lower troposphere of an industrial city Raipur, the eastern central India

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Deshmukh, Dhananjay K. Deb, Manas K. Suzuki, Yukio Kouvarakis, Giorgos N.
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	Size-segregated aerosol samples were collected at Raipur, India, during the period of October 2008 to September 2009, using eight-stage cascade impactor-type aerosol sampler at a flow rate of 28.3 l/min. The results give information about the mass concentrations, seasonal variations, and sources of water-soluble inorganic species viz. Na$^{+}$, NH 4 + , K$^{+}$, Mg$^{2+}$, Ca$^{2+}$, Cl$^{-}$, NO 3 - , and SO 4 2- in both PM$_{2.5–10}$ (coarse) and PM$_{2.5}$ (fine) fractions. Annual mean of mass concentrations of PM$_{2.5–10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ aerosols were monitored to be 200.7 ± 55.1 and 185.9 ± 66.9 μg/m$^{3}$, respectively. The annual mean concentrations of the inorganic components were monitored to be 5.4 ± 2.4, 6.2 ± 4.7, 5.3 ± 1.8, 3.2 ± 0.46, 40.8 ± 7.9, 9.2 ± 3.8, 21.6 ± 5.5, and 17.9 ± 4.0 μg/m$^{3}$ in PM$_{2.5–10}$ aerosols and 4.1 ± 2.1, 13.4 ± 4.2, 7.7 ± 2.0, 1.7 ± 0.4, 18.7 ± 5.4, 9.7 ± 3.1, 13.4 ± 5.7, and 36.8 ± 10.0 μg/m$^{3}$, respectively, in PM$_{2.5}$ aerosols, for the above ions. The concentration of Na$^{+}$, Mg$^{2+}$, and Ca$^{2+}$ were higher in spring and summer. The seasonal variation of secondary components NH 4 + , NO 3 - , and SO 4 2- were similar; that means high concentration in winter and low concentration in fall. The results obtained from factor analysis suggested the presence of three main components/sources in the coarse and fine modes namely regional pollution, airborne road dust, and traffic emissions, which contributed 94.0% and 83.2% of the total variance of the system respectively for the PM$_{2.5–10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ aerosols data set.
Starting Page	95
Ending Page	110
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18739318
Journal	Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	18739326
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2011-07-12
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	PM$_{2.5–10}$ PM$_{2.5}$ Water-soluble inorganic ions Seasonal variation Principal component analysis Environmental Health Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pollution Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Atmospheric Science Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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