NDLI: Complement and HIV-I infection/HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Liu, Fengming Dai, Shen Gordon, Jennifer Qin, Xuebin
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	The various neurological complications associated with HIV-1 infection, specifically HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist as a major public health burden worldwide. Despite the widespread use of anti-retroviral therapy, the prevalence of HAND is significantly high. HAND results from the direct effects of an HIV-1 infection as well as secondary effects of HIV-1-induced immune reaction and inflammatory response. Complement, a critical mediator of innate and acquired immunity, plays important roles in defeating many viral infections by the formation of a lytic pore or indirectly by opsonization and recruitment of phagocytes. While the role of complement in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and HAND has been previously recognized for over 15 years, it has been largely underestimated thus far. Complement can be activated through HIV-1 envelope proteins, mannose-binding lectins (MBL), and anti-HIV-1 antibodies. Complement not only fights against HIV-1 infection but also enhances HIV-1 infection. In addition, HIV-1 can hijack complement regulators such as CD59 and CD55 and can utilize these regulators and factor H to escape from complement attack. Normally, complement levels in brain are much lower than plasma levels and there is no or little complement deposition in brain cells. Interestingly, local production and deposition of complement are dramatically increased in HIV-1-infected brain, indicating that complement may contribute to the pathogenesis of HAND. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of complement in HIV-1 infection and HAND, as well as potential therapeutic approaches targeting the complement system for the treatment and eradications of HIV-1 infection.
Starting Page	184
Ending Page	198
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13550284
Journal	Journal of NeuroVirology
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15382443
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2014-03-18
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Complement Complement regulation CD59 ILYd4 HIV-1 HAND Neurosciences Virology Infectious Diseases Immunology Neurology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neurology Virology Neurology (clinical) Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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