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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Khandelwal, Manoj Mahdiyar, Amir Armaghani, Danial Jahed Singh, T. N. Fahimifar, Ahmad Faradonbeh, Roohollah Shirani |
| Copyright Year | 2017 |
| Abstract | Coal, as an initial source of energy, requires a detailed investigation in terms of ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, and its biological constituents (macerals). The rank and calorific value of each type of coal are managed by the mentioned properties. In contrast to ultimate and proximate analyses, determining the macerals in coal requires sophisticated microscopic instrumentation and expertise. This study emphasizes the estimation of the concentration of macerals of Indian coals based on a hybrid imperialism competitive algorithm (ICA)–artificial neural network (ANN). Here, ICA is utilized to adjust the weight and bias of ANNs for enhancing their performance capacity. For comparison purposes, a pre-developed ANN model is also proposed. Checking the performance prediction of the developed models is performed through several performance indices, i.e., coefficient of determination (R $^{2}$), root mean square error and variance account for. The obtained results revealed higher accuracy of the proposed hybrid ICA-ANN model in estimating macerals contents of Indian coals compared to the pre-developed ANN technique. Results of the developed ANN model based on R $^{2}$ values of training datasets were obtained as 0.961, 0.955, and 0.961 for predicting vitrinite, liptinite, and inertinite, respectively, whereas these values were achieved as 0.948, 0.947, and 0.957, respectively, for testing datasets. Similarly, R $^{2}$ values of 0.988, 0.983, and 0.991 for training datasets and 0.989, 0.982, and 0.985 for testing datasets were obtained from developed ICA-ANN model. |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| Ending Page | 14 |
| Page Count | 14 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 18666280 |
| Journal | Environmental Earth Sciences |
| Volume Number | 76 |
| Issue Number | 11 |
| e-ISSN | 18666299 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2017-06-05 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Macerals Ultimate analysis Proximate analysis Artificial neural network Imperialism competitive algorithm Geology Hydrology/Water Resources Geochemistry Environmental Science and Engineering Terrestrial Pollution Biogeosciences |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Global and Planetary Change Earth-Surface Processes Soil Science Environmental Chemistry Pollution Geology Water Science and Technology |
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