NDLI: Major ions and trace elements of two selected rivers near Everest region, southern Himalayas, Nepal

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Paudyal, Rukumesh Kang, Shichang Sharma, Chhatra Mani Tripathee, Lekhendra Huang, Jie Rupakheti, Dipesh Sillanpää, Mika
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	During pre-monsoon of 2013, water samples were collected from 30 sites of two major rivers, viz. Dudh Koshi and Indrawati to assess the river water quality on the southern side of the Nepalese Himalayas. The physical parameters such as pH, EC, turbidity and water temperature were measured in the field and major ions (Na$^{+}$, NH$_{4}$ $^{+}$, K$^{+}$, Ca$^{2+}$, Mg$^{2+}$, Cl$^{−}$, SO$_{4}$ $^{2−}$, and NO$_{3}$ $^{−}$) and element concentrations (Li, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba, Pb, U, Y, Zr, Nb and Cd) in the water samples were analyzed in the laboratory. The result indicated river waters were neutral to mostly alkaline with pH ranging from 6.57 to 8.81 and EC ranging from 10.5 to 321 μS/cm. The lower values of turbidity were recorded in the pristine tributaries of Dudh Koshi, whereas the main rivers had the higher values with a range of 0.51–515 NTU. Bicarbonate (HCO$_{3}$ $^{−}$) showed a significant correlation with Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$, suggesting carbonate weathering as the dominant geochemical process in the region. Furthermore, the Gibbs plot also suggested the dominance of rock weathering. Very low concentration of trace elements was found in most of the samples which were within the WHO guidelines. In addition, the concentrations of toxic elements such as As and Pb were below the detectable limits in most of the samples. Furthermore, the analysis of PCA suggests that most of the elements originated from natural weathering; however, there were some evidences of anthropogenic effect on water quality which may not be critical issue at present but can be of concern in future.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	11
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18666280
Journal	Environmental Earth Sciences
Volume Number	75
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	18666299
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-12-19
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Dudh Koshi Indrawati Trace elements Major ions Nepal Geology Hydrology/Water Resources Geochemistry Environmental Science and Engineering Terrestrial Pollution Biogeosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Global and Planetary Change Earth-Surface Processes Soil Science Environmental Chemistry Pollution Geology Water Science and Technology

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