NDLI: The development, temporal evolution and environmental influence of an unpaved road network on mountain terrain: an example from the Carpathian Mts. (Poland)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kroczak, Rafał Bryndal, Tomasz Bucała, Anna Fidelus, Joanna
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Roads affect the geomorphological changes of gradients, the sedimentary budget and the hydrological response of a catchment. This study deals with the development and temporary evolution of an unpaved road network in the Polish Carpathians. The analysis focuses on the mid-nineteenth and the beginning of the twenty-first century, and was conducted in six catchments located in three main sub-regions of the Carpathians. Results revealed that road network density calculated using 1:10,000 topographic maps is usually comparable to the real values. The contemporary real road network density reached 7.4–8.4 km km$^{−2}$ (foothills); 6.6–6.7 km km$^{−2}$ (medium–high-mountain); 2.3–2.9 km km$^{−2}$ (high-mountain) catchments, and these are one of the highest values recorded in mountain areas anywhere in the world. The “land famine” of the nineteenth century was discovered to be the main factor that influenced the high road network density in the foothills and medium–high-mountain catchments, whereas the excavation of natural resources, sheep grazing and the establishment of the national park, were considered to be such factors in the high-mountain of the Tatra Mts. Results revealed that the road network, usually considered as a permanent element of the environment, significantly evolves over time. These changes were mainly determined by the changes in the economy and the development of settlements and affected 45–90 % of the road network. The study emphasized that changes in the road network have a significant long-term impact on the mountain environment.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	14
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18666280
Journal	Environmental Earth Sciences
Volume Number	75
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	18666299
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-01-25
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Road network Cadastral maps Geomorphological changes Mountain terrains The Carpathians Geology Hydrology/Water Resources Geochemistry Environmental Science and Engineering Terrestrial Pollution Biogeosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Global and Planetary Change Earth-Surface Processes Soil Science Environmental Chemistry Pollution Geology Water Science and Technology

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