NDLI: Monitoring above-zone temperature variations associated with CO$_{2}$ and brine leakage from a storage aquifer

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Zeidouni, Mehdi Nicot, Jean Philippe Hovorka, Susan D.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	CO$_{2}$ injection in saline aquifers induces temperature changes owing to processes such as Joule–Thomson cooling, endothermic water vaporization, exothermic CO$_{2}$ dissolution besides the temperature discrepancy between injected and native fluids. CO$_{2}$ leaking from the injection zone, in addition to initial temperature contrast due to the geothermal gradient, undergoes similar processes, causing temperature changes in the above zone. Numerical simulation tools were used to evaluate temperature changes associated with CO$_{2}$ leakage from the storage aquifer to an above-zone monitoring interval and to assess the monitorability of CO$_{2}$ leakage on the basis of temperature data. The impact of both CO$_{2}$ and brine leakage on temperature response is considered for three cases (1) a leaky well co-located with the injection well, (2) a leaky well distant from the injector, and (3) a leaky fault. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine key operational and reservoir parameters that control the temperature signal in the above zone. Throughout the analysis injection-zone parameters remain unchanged. Significant pressure drop upon leakage causes expansion of CO$_{2}$ associated with Joule–Thomson cooling. However, brine may begin leaking before CO$_{2}$ breakthrough at the leakage pathway, causing heating in the above zone. Thus, unlike the pressure which increases in response to both CO$_{2}$ and brine leakage, the temperature signal may differentiate between the leaking fluids. In addition, the strength of the temperature signal correlates with leakage velocity unlike pressure signal whose strength depends on leakage rate. Increasing leakage conduit cross-sectional area increases leakage rate and thus increases pressure change in the above zone. However, it decreases leakage velocity, and therefore, reduces temperature cooling and signal. It is also shown that the leakage-induced temperature change covers a small area around the leakage pathway. Thus, temperature data will be most useful if collected along potential leaky wells and/or wells intersecting potential leaky faults.
Starting Page	1733
Ending Page	1747
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18666280
Journal	Environmental Earth Sciences
Volume Number	72
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	18666299
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-02-04
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	CO$_{2}$ geological storage Leakage Temperature monitoring Well Fault Geology Hydrology/Water Resources Geochemistry Environmental Science and Engineering Terrestrial Pollution Biogeosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Global and Planetary Change Earth-Surface Processes Soil Science Environmental Chemistry Pollution Geology Water Science and Technology

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