NDLI: Production of Solid Biofuel from Agricultural Wastes of the Palm Oil Industry by Hydrothermal Treatment

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Yuliansyah, Ahmad T. Hirajima, Tsuyoshi Kumagai, Satoshi Sasaki, Keiko
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	In this study, upgrading of agricultural waste, in the form of oil palm fronds and trunks, into solid biofuel was investigated using hydrothermal treatment. A slurry of 300 mL of water and 30 g of material was treated in a 500-mL batch autoclave equipped with stirrer, thermometer, and pressure sensor. Experiments were conducted in the temperature range 200–350°C at an initial pressure of 2.0 MPa. The slurry was gradually heated to the target temperature and held for a further 30 min. Approximately 35–65% of the original material was recovered as a solid product with favorable solid fuel characteristics. The gross calorific value ranged from 19.9 to 29.7 MJ/kg and the equilibrium moisture content was 7.6–4.5 wt%. The carbon content varied from 51.4 to 78.5 wt% and the oxygen content was 42.1–16.1 wt% after upgrading. Changes in the solid composition and carbon functional groups following upgrading were identified by FTIR and $^{13}$C NMR. In addition, analyses on the liquid product (by GC–MS) and the gas product (by GC) were carried out to clarify the decomposition behavior of material.
Starting Page	395
Ending Page	405
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18772641
Journal	Waste and Biomass Valorization
Volume Number	1
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	1877265X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2010-10-21
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Upgrading Agricultural waste Biomass Hydrothermal treatment Solid biofuel Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Waste Management/Waste Technology Industrial Pollution Prevention Renewable and Green Energy Environment Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Waste Management and Disposal Environmental Engineering Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

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