NDLI: Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein gp120 causes neuronal cell death in the rat brain by activating caspases

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Acquas, Elio Bachis, Alessia Nosheny, Rachel L. Cernak, Ibolja Mocchetti, Italo
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system is associated with microglia activation and neuronal apoptosis, alterations that are also caused by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) alone. This study was undertaken to examine the onset of gp120 neurotoxicity, the type of cell death and which cells of the adult rat brain are more sensitive to the toxic action of gp120. Gp120 or vehicle were injected chronically (daily for 3 or 7 days) into the lateral ventricle. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hypertensive areas in the cortical and hippocampal gray matter in gp120-treated rats 7–10 days after the first injection, suggesting vasogenic edema. This phenomenon was accompanied by an enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles. Immunohistochemical analyses were then carried out to examine the toxic effect of gp120 at a cellular level. Several markers of apoptosis, including activated caspase-3 were observed at both 3 and 7 days throughout brains of gp120-treated rats, especially in the cerebral cortex. In this area, most of the apoptotic cells exhibited a pyramidal shape and were Nissl positive, indicative of neurons. Few non-neuronal cells exhibited signs of apoptosis. The results of the present study support the notion that gp120 is neurotoxicin vivo and provide evidence that gp120 activates a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
Starting Page	605
Ending Page	615
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10298428
Journal	Neurotoxicity Research
Volume Number	5
Issue Number	8
e-ISSN	14763524
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2004-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Neuronal apoptosis Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Lateral ventricle MRI Neurodegeneration Neurosciences Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Neurology Neurochemistry Pharmacology/Toxicology Neurobiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Toxicology

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