NDLI: Mechanisms Involved in the Modulation of Astroglial Resistance to Oxidative Stress Induced by Activated Microglia: Antioxidative Systems, Peroxide Elimination, Radical Generation, Lipid Peroxidation

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Röhl, Claudia Armbrust, Elisabeth Herbst, Eva Jess, Anne Gülden, Michael Maser, Edmund Rimbach, Gerald Bösch Saadatmandi, Christine
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	Microglia and astrocytes are the cellular key players in many neurological disorders associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Previously, we have shown that microglia activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induce the expression of antioxidative enzymes in astrocytes and render them more resistant to hydrogen peroxide (H$_{2}$O$_{2}$). In this study, we examined the mechanisms involved with respect to the cellular action of different peroxides, the ability to detoxify peroxides, and the status of further antioxidative systems. Astrocytes were treated for 3 days with medium conditioned by purified quiescent (microglia-conditioned medium, MCM[−]) or LPS-activated (MCM[+]) microglia. MCM[+] reduced the cytotoxicity of the organic cumene hydroperoxide in addition to that of H$_{2}$O$_{2}$. Increased peroxide resistance was not accompanied by an improved ability of astrocytes to remove H$_{2}$O$_{2}$ or an increased expression/activity of peroxide eliminating antioxidative enzymes. Neither peroxide-induced radical generation nor lipid peroxidation were selectively affected in MCM[+] treated astrocytes. The glutathione content of peroxide resistant astrocytes, however, was increased and superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase were found to be upregulated. These changes are likely to contribute to the higher peroxide resistance of MCM[+] treated astrocytes by improving their ability to detoxify reactive oxygen radicals and oxidation products. For C6 astroglioma cells a protective effect of microglia-derived factors could not be observed, underlining the difference of primary cells and cell lines concerning their mechanisms of oxidative stress resistance. Our results indicate the importance of microglial–astroglial cell interactions during neuroinflammatory processes.
Starting Page	317
Ending Page	331
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10298428
Journal	Neurotoxicity Research
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14763524
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2009-09-10
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Glial cell interactions Inflammation Gliosis Antioxidative enzymes Glutathione Neurobiology Pharmacology/Toxicology Neurochemistry Neurology Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Neurosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Toxicology

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Mechanisms Involved in the Modulation of Astroglial Resistance to Oxidative Stress Induced by Activated Microglia: Antioxidative Systems, Peroxide Elimination, Radical Generation, Lipid Peroxidation

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