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Groundwater budget for the upper and middle parts of the River Gash Basin, eastern Sudan

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Elsheikh, Abdalla Eltom Mohamed Zeinelabdein, Khalid A. Elsayed Elobeid, Shaza A.
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	The River Gash Basin is filled by the Quaternary alluvial deposits, unconformably overlying the basement rocks. The alluvial deposits are composed mainly of unconsolidated layers of gravel, sand, silt, and clays. The aquifer is unconfined and is laterally bounded by the impermeable Neogene clays. The methods used in this study include the carry out of pumping tests and the analysis of well inventory data in addition to the river discharge rates and other meteorological data. The average annual discharge of the River Gash is estimated to be 1,056 × 10$^{6}$ m$^{3}$ at El Gera gage station (upstream) and 587 × 10$^{6}$ m$^{3}$ at Salam-Alikum gage station (downstream). The annual loss mounts up to 40% of the total discharge. The water loss is attributed to infiltration and evapotranspiration. The present study proofs that the hydraulic conductivity ranges from 36 to 105 m/day, whereas the transmissivity ranges from 328 to 1,677 m$^{2}$/day. The monitoring of groundwater level measurements indicates that the water table rises during the rainy season by 9 m in the upstream and 6 m in the midstream areas. The storage capacity of the upper and middle parts of the River Gash Basin is calculated as 502 × 10$^{6}$ m$^{3}$. The groundwater input reach 386.11 × 10$^{6}$ m$^{3}$/year, while the groundwater output is calculated as 365.98 × 10$^{6}$ m$^{3}$/year. The estimated difference between the input and output water quantities in the upper and middle parts of the River Gash Basin demonstrates a positive groundwater budget by about 20 × 10$^{6}$ m$^{3}$/yearتملا حوض نهر القاش الرسوبيات النهرية من العصر الرباعي والتي تعلو لاتوافقياً صخور الأساس. تتكون الرسوبيات النهرية من رسوبيات مفككة تحتوي علي طبقات من الحصي، الرمل، الغرين والطمي. الخزان الجوفي بالحوض غير محصور يحد جانبياً برسوبيات طينية من حقبة النيوجين؟. الطرق المستخدمة في هذه الدراسة تضمنت إجراء إختبارات الضخ، تحليل معلومات رصد الابار بالإضافة إلي تحليل معدلات تصريف النهر والمعلومات المناخية الأخري. تم تقدير متوسط معدل التصريف السنوي لنهر القاش علي أنه يساوي 1,056 × تملا حوض نهر القاش الرسوبيات النهرية من العصر الرباعي والتي تعلو لاتوافقياً صخور الأساس. تتكون الرسوبيات النهرية من رسوبيات مفككة تحتوي علي طبقات من الحصي، الرمل، الغرين والطمي. الخزان الجوفي بالحوض غير محصور يحد جانبياً برسوبيات طينية من حقبة النيوجين؟. الطرق المستخدمة في هذه الدراسة تضمنت إجراء إختبارات الضخ، تحليل معلومات رصد الابار بالإضافة إلي تحليل معدلات تصريف النهر والمعلومات المناخية الأخري. تم تقدير متوسط معدل التصريف السنوي لنهر القاش علي أنه يساوي 1056 ×106 متر مكعب في محطة الجيرة أعالي النهر بينما يبلغ 587 ×106 متر مكعب عند محطة سلام عليكم في أدني النهر. يصل الفقد السنوي إلي 40% من تصريف النهر. يعزي الفاقد المائي إلي التسريب، التبخر والنتح. أثبتت الدراسة الحالية أن الموصلية الهايدرولوكية تتراوح بين 36 إلي 105 متر/اليوم بينما تتراوح الناقلية الهايدرولوكية بين 328 إلي 1677مترمربع/ اليوم. من قراءات مناسيب المياه الجوفية إتضح أن منسوب المياه يرتفع بواقع 9 أمتار في منطقة اعالي النهر بينما يرتفع بواقع 6 أمتار في منطقة أواسط النهر أثناء فترة الأمطار. تم حساب السعة التخزينية لمنطقتي أعالي و أواوسط النهر ب 502 ×106 متر مكعب. يصل المدخل المائي إلي 386.11 ×106 متر مكعب/ السنة بينما يصل المخرج المائي إلي 365.98 ×106 متر مكعب /السنة. الفرق المقدر بين المدخل والمخرج المائي لمنطقتي أعالي وأواسط حوض نهر القاش يعطي مؤشر إيجابي للموازنة المائية بحولي 20×106 متر مكعب /السنة.
Starting Page	567
Ending Page	574
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18667511
Journal	Arabian Journal of Geosciences
Volume Number	4
Issue Number	3-4
e-ISSN	18667538
Language	Arabic
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2010-08-17
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Groundwater budget Water resources River Gash Sudan Earth Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Environmental Science

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