NDLI: The effect of long-term soil irrigation by wastewater on organic matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals evolution: case study of Zaouit Sousse (Tunisia)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Samia, Khadhar Abdelkarim, Charef Yassin, Hidri Teruo, Higashi
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Irrigation by treated wastewater (TWW) can pollute the soil by different organic and inorganic compounds. The pollution level can depend on the irrigation period, soil nature, and wastewater characteristics. Since 1989, the Zaouit Sousse area (central Tunisian) has been irrigated by treated wastewater. The irrigation period and the mineralogy of soil composition change from one locality to another in Zaouit Sousse area. In this work, we are interested in organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals (HMs) evolution. One control soil (S1) and four irrigated areas soil (S2, S3, S4, and S5) were chosen. The soil samples differ by the irrigation period and soil characteristics. Total PAHs content in control soil was 66.2 ng g$^{−1}$ and in irrigated areas were between 46.23 and 129.51 ng g$^{−1}$. The PAHs content in irrigated soil, except S5 which has been irrigated with wastewater for 20 years and contains the highest clay fraction percent, decreased with the irrigation period (from 0 to 20 years). The microbial degradation may decrease the PAHs concentrations in the soil thanks to bacterium brought by TWW and the important soil permeability. Concentration of heavy metals ranged from 24 to 1,320 μg L$^{−1}$. The HMs (Cu, Cr, Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Cd) contents decreased with the irrigation period (from 10 to 20 years). So, following the PAHs aerobic bio-degradation, this organic compound discharges their absorbed heavy metals which leached to deeper levels. The Cr, Cu, Al, Zn, and Cd mobility depend on the clay yield too. However, the PAHs and Pb mobility are also related to humic substance quantities. Cr and Cu have affinities both to clay and humic substance quantities.
Starting Page	4337
Ending Page	4346
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18667511
Journal	Arabian Journal of Geosciences
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	11
e-ISSN	18667538
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2012-09-04
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Heavy metals PAHs Soil Humic substances Wastewater irrigation periods Earth Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Environmental Science

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