NDLI: Cytotoxicity and non-specific cellular uptake of bare and surface-modified upconversion nanoparticles in human skin cells

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Guller, Anna E. Generalova, Alla N. Petersen, Elena V. Nechaev, Andrey V. Trusova, Inna A. Landyshev, Nikolay N. Nadort, Annemarie Grebenik, Ekaterina A. Deyev, Sergey M. Shekhter, Anatoly B. Zvyagin, Andrei V.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	The cytotoxicity and non-specific cellular uptake of the most popular composition of upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP), NaYF$_{4}$:Yb$^{3+}$:Er$^{3+}$, is reported using normal human skin cells, including dermal fibroblasts and immortalized human epidermal linear keratinocytes (HaCaT). A new hydrophilization reaction of as-synthesized UCNPs based on tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) enabled evaluation of the intrinsic cytotoxicity of bare UCNPs. The cytotoxicity effects of the UCNP surface-coating and polystyrene host were investigated over the concentration range 62.5–125 μg/mL with 24-h incubation, using a MTT test and optical microscopy. The fibroblast viability was not compromised by UCNPs, whereas the viability of keratinocytes varied from 52% ± 4% to 100% ± 10% than the control group, depending on the surface modification. Bare UCNPs reduced the keratinocyte viability to 76% ± 3%, while exhibiting profound non-specific cellular uptake. Hydrophilic poly(D,L-lactide)- and poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene)-coated UCNPs were found to be least cytotoxic among the polymer-coated UCNPs, and were readily internalized by human skin cells. Polystyrene microbeads impregnated with UCNPs remained nontoxic. Surprisingly, no correlation was found between UCNP cytotoxicity and the internalization level in cells, although the latter ranged broadly from 0.03% to 59%, benchmarked against 100% uptake level of TMAH-UCNPs.
Starting Page	1546
Ending Page	1562
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19980124
Journal	Nano Research
Volume Number	8
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	19980000
Language	English
Publisher	Tsinghua University Press
Publisher Date	2015-01-23
Publisher Place	Beijing
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	nanoparticle upconversion surface modification biocompatibility cytotoxicity human skin Nanotechnology Materials Science Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra Condensed Matter Physics Biotechnology Biomedicine general
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Condensed Matter Physics Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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