NDLI: The Carbonate Chemistry of the “Fattening Line,” Willapa Bay, 2011

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hales, Burke Suhrbier, Andy Waldbusser, George G. Feely, Richard A. Newton, Jan A.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Willapa Bay has received a great deal of attention in the context of rising atmospheric CO$_{2}$ and the concomitant effects of changes in bay carbonate chemistry, referred to as ocean acidification, and the potential effects on the bay’s naturalized Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) population and iconic oyster farming industry. Competing environmental stressors, historical variability in the oyster settlement record, and the absence of adequate historical observations of bay-water carbonate chemistry all conspire to cast confusion regarding ocean acidification as the culprit for recent failures in oyster larval settlement. We present the first measurements of the aqueous CO$_{2}$ partial pressure (PCO$_{2}$) and the total dissolved carbonic acid (TCO$_{2}$) at the “fattening line,” a location in the bay that has been previously identified as optimal for both larval oyster retention and growth, and collocated with a long historical time series of larval settlement. Samples were collected from early 2011 through late 2014. These measurements allow the first rigorous characterization of Willapa Bay aragonite mineral saturation state (Ω$_{ar}$), which has been shown to be of leading importance in determining the initial shell formation and growth of larval Crassostrea gigas. Observations show that the bay is usually below Ω$_{ar}$ levels that have been associated with poor oyster hatchery production and with chronic effects noted in experimental work. Bay water only briefly rises to favorable Ω$_{ar}$ levels and does so out of phase with optimal thermal conditions for spawning. Thermal and carbonate conditions are thus coincidentally favorable for early larval development for only a few weeks at a time each year. The limited concurrent exceedance of thermal and Ω$_{ar}$ thresholds suggests the likelihood of high variability in settlement success, as seen in the historical record; however, estimates of the impact of elevated atmospheric CO$_{2}$ suggest that pre-industrial Ω$_{ar}$ conditions were more persistently favorable for larval development and more broadly coincident with thermal optima.
Starting Page	173
Ending Page	186
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15592723
Journal	Estuaries
Volume Number	40
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15592731
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2016-08-10
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Estuarine carbonate chemistry Oyster settlement Ocean acidification Environment Ecology Freshwater & Marine Ecology Environmental Management Coastal Sciences Water and Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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