NDLI: Salinity and Temperature Regimes in Eastern Alaskan Beaufort Sea Lagoons in Relation to Source Water Contributions

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Harris, Carolynn M. McClelland, James W. Connelly, Tara L. Crump, Byron C. Dunton, Kenneth H.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Shallow estuarine lagoons characterize >70 % of the eastern Alaskan Beaufort Sea coastline and, like temperate and tropical lagoons, support diverse and productive biological communities. These lagoons experience large variations in temperature (−2 to 14 °C) and salinity (0 to >45) throughout the year. Unlike lower latitude coastal systems, transitions between seasons are physically extreme and event-driven. On Arctic coastlines, a brief summer open-water period is followed by a 9-month ice-covered period that concludes with a late-spring sea ice breakup and intense freshwater run-off. From 2011 to 2014, we examined interannual variations in water column physical structure (temperature, salinity, and δ$^{18}$O) in five lagoons that differ with respect to their degree of exchange with adjacent marine waters and magnitude of freshwater inputs. Temperature, salinity, and source water composition (calculated using a salinity and δ$^{18}$O mixing model) were variable in space and time. During sea ice breakup in June, water column δ$^{18}$O and salinity measurements showed that low salinity waters originated from meteoric inputs (50–80 %; which include river inputs and direct precipitation) and sea ice melt (18–51 %). Following breakup, polar marine waters became prevalent within a mixed water column over the summer open-water period within all five lagoons (26–63 %). At the peak of ice-cover extent and thickness in April, marine water sources dominated (75–87 %) and hypersaline conditions developed in some lagoons. Seasonal runoff dynamics and differences in lagoon geomorphology (i.e., connectivity to the Beaufort Sea) are considered key potential drivers of observed salinity and source water variations.
Starting Page	50
Ending Page	62
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15592723
Journal	Estuaries
Volume Number	40
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15592731
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2016-08-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Beaufort Sea Coastal lagoons Temperature Salinity Oxygen isotopes Environment Ecology Freshwater & Marine Ecology Environmental Management Coastal Sciences Water and Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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