NDLI: Changes in NO, iNOS and eNOS Expression in MLO-Y4 Cells After Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Treatment With or Without Shear Stress Exposure

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Changes in NO, iNOS and eNOS Expression in MLO-Y4 Cells After Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Treatment With or Without Shear Stress Exposure

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Changes in NO, iNOS and eNOS Expression in MLO-Y4 Cells After Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Treatment With or Without Shear Stress Exposure

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Saini, Vikas McCormick, Susan
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	Bone formation in vivo is stimulated by mechanical loads. The primary endogenous biomechanical stimulus at the cell level, which results from mechanical loading, is fluid shear stress. Pulsed ultrasound (US) also induces bone formation and accelerates fracture healing. To determine the combined effect of these mechanical stimuli, MLO-Y4 cells were exposed sequentially to US (1.5 MHz, 30 mW/cm$^{2}$, 1 kHz pulse rate, 20% duty cycle) and fluid shear stress (SS) (19 dynes/cm$^{2}$) for a range of duration periods. Nitrite levels were measured which indirectly show the nitric oxide (NO) production from the cells. The amount of nitric oxide (NO) produced by cells exposed to combined US and SS treatments that consisted of equivalent exposure periods of 2.5, 5 and 10 min per treatment type, were respectively 0.7, 1.2 and 2.2 fold greater than the sum of the amounts of NO produced by cells exposed to lone US and shear stress treatments for the corresponding time periods (2.5, 5 and 10 min). Alone and in conjunction with mechanical stimuli, serum increases the NO production in the cells. 1400 W, a selective iNOS inhibitor, decreased by 33% the amount of NO produced by cells exposed sequentially to 10 min US and 10 min shear stress treatments. L-NAME, a non-selective inhibitor, completely inhibited NO production. Intermediate and long term experiments, where cells were exposed to US for 20 min and then to shear stress for 3 and 24 h, were also performed. For both durations nitrite levels were higher in the media of sequentially exposed cells than in the media of cells exposed to only one mechanical stimulus. In the long term, the rate of NO production decreased markedly. However, NO production remained significantly higher in the mechanically stimulated cells as compared to controls. In both the intermediate and long term experiments, US combined with SS to have a synergistic effect on eNOS mRNA levels and an additive effect on iNOS levels. These studies demonstrate that US and SS synergistically increase NO production in osteocyte-like cells and they suggest that it may be beneficial to use both exogenous US and endogenously derived SS to increase the formation of bone tissue.
Starting Page	91
Ending Page	105
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18655025
Journal	Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering
Volume Number	4
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	18655033
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2010-12-15
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Biomechanical force eNOS iNOS Nitric Oxide MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells Cell Biology Biomaterials Biophysics and Biological Physics Continuum Mechanics and Mechanics of Materials Mechanics Biomedical Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Modeling and Simulation

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Changes in NO, iNOS and eNOS Expression in MLO-Y4 Cells After Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Treatment With or Without Shear Stress Exposure

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Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Modulates Shear Stress Induced PGHS-2 Expression and PGE2 Synthesis in MLO-Y4 Osteocyte-Like Cells

Focused Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (FLIPUS) Mitigates Apoptosis of MLO-Y4 Osteocyte-like Cells.

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