NDLI: State migrant-exporting schemes and their implications for the rise of Illicit migration: A comparison of Spain and the philippines

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Siracusa, Christina Acacio, Kristel
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	The purpose of this article is to explore the connection between state-sponsored exporting of labour and the rise in human smuggling and trafficking. The cases of Spain and the Phillippines are analysed. We delineate how and why each state engaged in labour export and what the corresponding ramifications have been. In the case of Spain, we examine the creation and operation of the Instituto Español de Emigración (Spanish Institute of Emigration) from 1956–1973. In the Philippine case we investigate the country’s “overseas employment program” instituted in 1974 under the Labour Code. This policy later evolved into the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA). In this study we use a historical comparative framework to demonstrate how state migrant exporting schemes can lead to the same outcome: illicit migration. Although we can make no definitive conclusions on the size and scope of state influence on illicit migration, we nonetheless find the conceptualization of states as possible agents for human smuggling or trafficking relevant in terms of theory generation and policy implications.Cet article porte sur le lien entre l’exportation de la main-d’oeuvre dirigée par les Etats et la montée du trafic de clandestins. Nous analysons les cas de l’Espagne et des Philippines en expliquant comment et pourquoi chaque état est impliqué dans l’exportation de la main-d’oeuvre et en exposant quels en ont été les résultats. Dans le cas de l’Espagne, nous nous penchons sur la création et le fonctionnement, entre 1956 et 1973, du Instituto Español de Emigración (Institut espagnol d’émigration). Pour les Philippines, nous étudinos le program d’emploi à l’étrangen mis sur pied en 1974 sous le Code du travail et qui est devenu le Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA). Nous nous appuyons sur un cadre historique comparatif pour démontrer comment les stratégies d’esportation de migrants dirigées par les Etats peuvent aboutir aux mêmes conséquences, soit la migration illégale. Quoique nous ne sommes pas en mesure de tirer de conclusions définitives quant à la taille et l’envergure de l’influence de l’Etat dans la migration illégale, nous affirmons que la conceptualisation des Etats comme agents possibles dans le passage de clandestins est pertinente dans le contexte de la création de théories et pour l’étude des incidences découlant des politiques.
Starting Page	321
Ending Page	342
Page Count	22
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14883473
Journal	Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l'integration et de la migration internationale
Volume Number	5
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	18746365
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2004-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Migration illégale Exportation de la main-d’oeuvre L’Etat Espagne Philippines Migration Demography Sociology Social Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Demography Anthropology Cultural Studies

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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