NDLI: Relaxor behaviour in BaBi$_{4}$Ti$_{4}$O$_{15}$ ceramics fabricated using the powders obtained by mechanochemically assisted synthesis route

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kumar, Sunil Varma, K. B. R.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Mechanochemically activated reactants were found to facilitate the synthesis of fine powders comprising 200–400 nm range crystallites of BaBi$_{4}$Ti$_{4}$O$_{15}$ at a significantly lower temperature (700 °C) than that of solid-state reaction route. Reactants (CaCO$_{3}$, Bi$_{2}$O$_{3}$ and TiO$_{2}$) in stoichiometric ratio were ball milled for 48 h to obtain homogeneous mixture. The evolution of the BaBi$_{4}$Ti$_{4}$O$_{15}$ phase was systematically followed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to probe its structural and microstructural details. The electron diffraction studies established the presence of correlated octahedral rotations and associated long-range polar ordering. High-resolution TEM imaging nevertheless revealed structural inhomogeneities leading to intergrowth defects. Dense BaBi$_{4}$Ti$_{4}$O$_{15}$ ceramics with an average grain size of 0.9 μm were fabricated using mechanochemically assisted synthesized powders at relatively low temperature (1000 °C). The effect of grain size on the dielectric and relaxor behaviour of BaBi$_{4}$Ti$_{4}$O$_{15}$ ceramics was investigated. Fine-grained ceramics (average grain size ~0.9 μm) showed higher diffusion in phase transition, lower temperature of phase transition, lower Vogel-Fulcher freezing temperature and higher activation energy for the polarization reversal than those for coarse-grained ceramics (average grain size ~7 μm) fabricated via the conventional solid-state reaction route.
Starting Page	1233
Ending Page	1241
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02504707
Journal	Bulletin of Materials Science
Volume Number	37
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	09737669
Language	English
Publisher	Springer India
Publisher Date	2014-11-21
Publisher Institution	Indian Academy of Sciences
Publisher Place	India
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	BaBi$_{4}$Ti$_{4}$O$_{15}$ mechanochemical synthesis relaxor ferroelectrics TEM dielectric properties Materials Science Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Mechanics of Materials Materials Science

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