NDLI: Amyloid Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

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Amyloid Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Fodero Tavoletti, Michelle T. Cappai, Roberto McLean, Catriona A. Pike, Kerryn E. Adlard, Paul A. Cowie, Tiffany Conr, Andrea R. Masters, Colin L. Rowe, Christopher C. Villemagne, Victor L.
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	With the advent of new therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing β-amyloid (Aβ) burden in the brain to potentially prevent or delay functional and irreversible cognitive loss, there is increased interest in developing agents that allow assessment of Aβ burden in vivo. Molecular neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), in conjunction with related biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, are proving valuable in the early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). $^{11}$C-PiB PET has proven useful in the discrimination of dementias, showing significantly higher PiB retention in grey matter of AD patients when compared with healthy controls or patients with frontotemporal dementia. $^{11}$C-PiB PET also appears to be more accurate than FDG for the diagnosis of AD. Despite apparently underestimating the Aβ burden in the brain, $^{11}$C-PiB PET is an optimal method to differentiate healthy controls from AD, matching histopathological reports in aging and dementia and reflecting the true regional density of Aβ plaques in cortical areas. High striatal Aβ deposition seems to be typical for carriers of familial forms of AD, whilst ApoE ε4 carriers, independent of diagnosis or disease severity, present with higher Aβ burden than non- ε4 carriers. Characterization of the binding properties of PiB has shown that despite binding to other misfolded proteins in vitro, PiB is extremely selective for Aβ at the concentrations achieved during a PET scan. Aβ burden as assessed by PET does not correlate with measures of cognition or cognitive decline in AD. Approximately 30% of apparently healthy older people, and 50–60% of people with mild cognitive impairment, present with cortical $^{11}$C-PiB retention. In these groups, Aβ burden does correlate with episodic memory and rate of memory decline. These observations suggest that Aβ deposition is not part of normal ageing, supporting the hypothesis that Αβ deposition occurs well before the onset of symptoms and is likely to represent preclinical AD. Further longitudinal observations, coupled with different disease-specific tracers and biomarkers are required not only to confirm this hypothesis, but also to better elucidate the role of Αβ deposition in the course of Alzheimer’s disease.
Starting Page	246
Ending Page	261
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19317557
Journal	Brain Imaging and Behavior
Volume Number	3
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	19317565
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2009-04-07
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Alzheimer’s disease PiB Aβ Dementia Brain imaging Emission tomography Health Psychology Child and School Psychology Clinical Psychology Cognitive Psychology Neuropsychology Public Health/Gesundheitswesen
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neurology Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging Cognitive Neuroscience Behavioral Neuroscience Neurology (clinical) Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Psychiatry and Mental Health

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