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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Nemecek, Thomas Schnetzer, Julian Reinhard, Jürgen |
| Copyright Year | 2014 |
| Abstract | The emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) is a key criterion in the environmental assessment of biofuels. Life cycle inventories taking into account the latest methodological developments are an essential prerequisite for this assessment. In the last years, substantial progresses in the modelling of nitrogen emissions relevant for the climate as well as in modelling the emissions from land use change (LUC) have been achieved. Therefore, the biomass production inventories in the ecoinvent database were revised to take into account these developments.The IPCC method tier 1 has been used for the assessment of N$_{2}$O emissions. Induced emissions from NH$_{3}$ and NO$_{3}$ were included as well. Due to the importance of the latter emissions for N$_{2}$O formation, these emissions have also been updated and harmonised. The Agrammon model was used for the NH$_{3}$ emissions. The SALCA-NO$_{3}$ model has been applied in the European inventories to estimate nitrate leaching, whilst in non-European inventories the SQCB-NO$_{3}$ model has been used. The quantification of the land use change areas has been based on annualized, retrospective data of the last 20 years. All carbon pools (from aboveground biomass to soil organic carbon) were considered and differentiated on a regional level for all of the natural vegetation categories affected. Whenever possible, default values and methods from the IPCC 2006 were applied.The changes for ammonia emissions were generally very small (−5 % on average). The nitrate emissions increased on average by +13 %, but this slight trend is the result of important downward and upward changes, whilst the average N$_{2}$O emissions decreased by −26 %. For the existing inventories of soybean, palm oil and sugarcane production, significant increases of GHG emissions resulted from LUC modelling. This was mainly due to the consistent inclusion of all carbon stocks according to the IPCC guidelines. The calculation method can also result in important C sequestration effects in certain cases like African Jatropha production.The changes in greenhouse gas emissions due to the updated methodology were significant. This shows that life cycle assessment studies for biofuels using older methodological bases need to be revised and could lead to different conclusions. The implemented and cultivated superstructure for LUC modelling is modular and flexible and can be easily extended to other important crop activities. The new parameterisation functionality applied for the activities provides powerful means for the simple generation of site-specific activities. |
| Starting Page | 1361 |
| Ending Page | 1378 |
| Page Count | 18 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 09483349 |
| Journal | The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment |
| Volume Number | 21 |
| Issue Number | 9 |
| e-ISSN | 16147502 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2014-02-20 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Biofuels Greenhouse gases Inventory Land use change Nitrogen Environment Environmental Economics Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Environmental Chemistry |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Environmental Science |
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