NDLI: Global warming potential of hydrogen and methane production from renewable electricity via power-to-gas technology

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Global warming potential of hydrogen and methane production from renewable electricity via power-to-gas technology

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Reiter, Gerda Lindorfer, Johannes
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Power-to-gas technology enables storage of surplus electricity from fluctuating renewable sources such as wind power or photovoltaics, by generating hydrogen (H$_{2}$) via water electrolysis, with optional methane (CH$_{4}$) synthesis from carbon dioxide (CO$_{2}$) and H$_{2}$; the advantage of the latter is that CH$_{4}$ can be fed into existing gas infrastructure. This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of this technological concept, evaluating the main parameters influencing global warming potential (GWP) and primary energy demand.The conducted LCA of power-to-gas systems includes the production of H$_{2}$ or CH$_{4}$ from cradle to gate. Product utilization was not evaluated but considered qualitatively during interpretation. Material and energy balances were modeled using the LCA software GaBi 5 (PE International). The assessed impacts of H$_{2}$ and CH$_{4}$ from power-to-gas were compared to those of reference processes, such as steam reforming of natural gas and crude oil as well as natural gas extraction. Sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the influence of the type of electricity source, the efficiency of the electrolyzer, and the type of CO$_{2}$ source used for methanation.The ecological performance of both H$_{2}$ and CH$_{4}$ produced via power-to-gas strongly depends on the electricity generation source. The assessed impacts of H$_{2}$ production are only improved if GWP of the utilized electricity does not exceed 190 g CO$_{2}$ per kWh. Due to reduced efficiency, the assessed impacts of CH$_{4}$ are higher than that of H$_{2}$. Thus, the environmental break-even point for CH$_{4}$ production is 113 g CO$_{2}$ per kWh if utilized CO$_{2}$ is treated as a waste product, and 73 g CO$_{2}$ per kWh if the CO$_{2}$ separation effort is included. Electricity mix of EU-27 countries is therefore not at all suitable as an input. Utilization of renewable H$_{2}$ and CH$_{4}$ in the industry or the transport sector offers substantial reduction potential in GWP and primary energy demand.H$_{2}$ and CH$_{4}$ production through power-to-gas with electricity from renewable sources, such as wind power or photovoltaics, offers substantial potential to reduce GWP and primary energy demand. However, the input of electricity predominately generated from fossil resources leads to a higher environmental impact of H$_{2}$ and CH$_{4}$ compared to fossil reference processes and is not recommended. As previously bound CO$_{2}$ is re-emitted when CH$_{4}$ is utilized for instance in vehicles, the type of CO$_{2}$ source and the allocation method have a significant influence on overall ecological performance.
Starting Page	477
Ending Page	489
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09483349
Journal	The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	16147502
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-01-20
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Alternative fuels Carbon dioxide utilization Energy storage Life cycle assessment (LCA) Methane Power-to-gas Hydrogen Environment Environmental Economics Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Environmental Chemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Science

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