NDLI: Laboratory and field evidence of the photonitration of 4-chlorophenol to 2-nitro-4-chlorophenol and of the associated bicarbonate effect

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Reddy Maddigapu, Pratap Vione, Davide Ravizzoli, Barbara Minero, Claudio Mauri, Valter Comoretto, Laetitia Chiron, Serge
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	Photochemical processes can decontaminate the aqueous environment from xenobiotics, but they also produce secondary pollutants. This paper presents field and laboratory evidence of the transformation of 4-chlorophenol (4CP) into 2-nitro-4-chlorophenol (2N4CP).Field monitoring of 4CP and 2N4CP was carried out by solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography–multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Laboratory irradiation experiments were carried out under a UV–Vis lamp, and the time evolution of the compounds of interest was followed by liquid chromatography.The purpose of this study was elucidating the pathways leading to 2N4CP from 4CP in paddy field water.The field monitoring results suggest that 4CP can be transformed into 2N4CP in the paddy field water of the Rhône delta (Southern France). The laboratory study indicates that the transformation can take place via photonitration by $^{•}$NO$_{2}$. The nitration process is inhibited by bicarbonate, possibly due to basification that favours the occurrence of the 4-chlorophenolate. The latter could consume $^{•}$NO$_{2}$ without being nitrated. Photonitration in the presence of bicarbonate could account for the observed transformation in the field.Photonitration of 4CP to 2N4CP by $^{•}$NO$_{2}$ could account for the observed interconversion of the two compounds in paddy fields. The results are of concern because 2N4CP is biorecalcitrant and toxic.Bicarbonate can modulate the photonitration of 4CP into 2N4CP, which can be very significant in bicarbonate-poor waters.
Starting Page	1063
Ending Page	1069
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09441344
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	16147499
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2009-11-20
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Pesticide by-products Aromatic nitroderivatives Photochemistry Shallow surface waters Industrial Pollution Prevention Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Environment
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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