NDLI: Determination of phenols and pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewaters from Polish treatment plants by ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction followed by GC

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kotowska, Urszula Kapelewska, Justyna Sturgulewska, Joanna
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	A method combining ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction (USAEME) with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed for simultaneous determination of four acidic pharmaceuticals, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and diclofenac, as well as four phenols, 4-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, bisphenol A, and triclosan in municipal wastewaters. Conditions of extraction and simultaneous derivatization were optimized with respect to such aspects as type and volume of extraction solvent, volume of derivatization reagent, kind and amount of buffering salt, location of the test tube in the ultrasonic bath, and extraction time. The average correlation coefficient of the calibration curves was 0.9946. The LOD/(LOQ) values in influent and effluent wastewater were in the range of 0.002–0.121/(0.005–0.403) μg L$^{−1}$ and 0.002–0.828/(0.006–2.758) μg L$^{−1}$, respectively. Quantitative recoveries (≥94 %) and satisfactory precision (average RSD 8.2 %) were obtained. The optimized USAEME/GC–MS method was applied for determination of the considered pharmaceuticals and phenols in influents and treated effluents from nine Polish municipal wastewater treatment plants. The average concentration of acidic pharmaceuticals in influent and effluent wastewater were in the range of 0.06–551.96 μg L$^{−1}$ and 0.01–22.61 μg L$^{−1}$, respectively, while for phenols were in the range of 0.03–102.54 μg L$^{−1}$ and 0.02–10.84 μg L$^{−1}$, respectively. The removal efficiencies of the target compounds during purification process were between 84 and 99 %.
Starting Page	660
Ending Page	673
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09441344
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume Number	21
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	16147499
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-07-02
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry Acidic pharmaceuticals Phenols Influents Effluents Municipal wastewater treatment plant Environment Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Environmental Health Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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