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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Yassin, Mohamed A. Alazba, Abdulrahman A. Mattar, Mohamed A. |
| Copyright Year | 2016 |
| Abstract | Gene Expression Programming (GEP) was used to develop new mathematical equations for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration (ET $_{ref}$) for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The daily climatic variables were collected by 13 meteorological stations from 1980 to 2010. The GEP models were trained on 65% of the climatic data and tested using the remaining 35%. The generalised Penman-Monteith model was used as a reference target for evapotranspiration (ET) values, with h $_{c}$ varies from 5 to 105 cm with increment of a centimetre. Eight GEP models have been compared with four locally calibrated traditional models (Hargreaves-Samani, Irmak, Jensen-Haise and Kimberly-Penman). The results showed that the statistical performance criteria values such as determination coefficients (R $^{2}$) ranged from as low as 64.4% for GEP-MOD1, where the only parameters included (maximum, minimum, and mean temperature and crop height), to as high as 95.5% for GEP-MOD8 with which all climatic parameters included (maximum, minimum and mean temperature; maximum, minimum and mean humidity; solar radiation; wind speed; and crop height). Moreover, an interesting founded result is that the solar radiation has almost no effect on ET $_{ref}$ under the hyper arid conditions. In contrast, the wind speed and plant height have a great positive impact in increasing the accuracy of calculating ET $_{ref}$. Furthermore, eight GEP models have obtained better results than the locally calibrated traditional ET $_{ref}$ equations. |
| Starting Page | 412 |
| Ending Page | 427 |
| Page Count | 16 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00978078 |
| Journal | Water Resources |
| Volume Number | 43 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| e-ISSN | 1608344X |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Pleiades Publishing |
| Publisher Date | 2016-04-02 |
| Publisher Place | Moscow |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | arid conditions reference evapotranspiration gene expression programming traditional models Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Water Science and Technology |
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