NDLI: Differing vigilance among gray squirrels (Sciuridae carolinensis) along an urban

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Sar, Ronald J. Parsons, Michael Ferris, Angela
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Urbanization has had far-reaching effects on the wildlife that have adapted to this novel landscape. Not only have wildlife endured shifts in ecosystem function as a result of urbanization, but in many areas there has been a fundamental behavioral change. This “urban wildlife syndrome” – the collection of observable traits of wildlife species undergoing urbanization – prompted us to examine the effect of urbanization on vigilance of eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis). We hypothesized that squirrels in more urban locations, due to presumed higher squirrel density and familiarization with humans, would be less vigilant than squirrels in more rural sites. We assigned study sites (i.e. city parks) to one of four rank categories of urbanization based upon human population density. In contrast to our original hypothesis, squirrels in urban sites were more vigilant than squirrels in less urban areas. In fact this difference was punctuated by an approximate 42 % reduction between moderately urban and semi-rural habitats. Squirrel density had a positive, yet weak, effect on vigilance time. Elevated intraspecific aggression, unpredictable changes in vehicular and pedestrian traffic, and associated noise levels and disturbance in urban settings where squirrels occur, may be responsible for more variable and heightened states of vigilance in the urban setting.
Starting Page	517
Ending Page	523
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10838155
Journal	Urban Ecosystems
Volume Number	18
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15731642
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2014-08-31
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Urban–rural gradient Squirrels Vigilance Foraging Urban Ecology Environmental Management Ecology Nature Conservation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Urban Studies

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
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