NDLI: Effects of urban trees on local outdoor microclimate: synthesizing field measurements by numerical modelling

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wang, Yafei Bakker, Frank Groot, Rudolf Wortche, Heinrich Leemans, Rik
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	In this study, we investigated the effects of trees on the local urban microclimate and human thermal comfort under different local weather conditions, in a small urban area in Assen, the Netherlands. In both summer and winter, continuous air temperature and relative humidity measurements were conducted at five selected sites having obviously different environmental characteristics in tree cover. Measurements demonstrated that in summer the microclimatic conditions at each observation site showed significant differences. The cooling effects of trees on clear and hot days were two times higher than on cloudy and cold days. In winter, air temperature was slightly reduced by the evergreen trees, and weather conditions did not cause a notable change on performance of trees on the microclimate. ENVI-met, a three-dimensional microclimate model was used to simulate the spatial distribution of temperature and humidity. After selecting representative days, we simulated the study site as it currently is and for a situation without trees. Spatial differences of trees’ effects were found to vary strongly with weather conditions. Furthermore, human thermal comfort is indicated by the Predicted Mean Vote model. During the hottest hours, trees improved the thermal comfort level via reducing ‘very hot’ and ‘hot’ thermal perception by about 16 % on clear days and 11 % on cloudy days. Generally, our findings demonstrate that urban microclimate and human thermal comfort convincingly varies in close geographical proximity. Both are strongly affected by the presence of local trees. Weather conditions play an important role on the trees’ performance on the summer-time microclimate.
Starting Page	1305
Ending Page	1331
Page Count	27
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10838155
Journal	Urban Ecosystems
Volume Number	18
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	15731642
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-03-22
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Trees Outdoor thermal comfort Urban microclimate Numerical simulation Field Measurements Urban Ecology Environmental Management Ecology Nature Conservation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Urban Studies

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