NDLI: A proposed classification of environmental adaptation: the example of high altitude

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A proposed classification of environmental adaptation: the example of high altitude

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Richalet, Jean Paul
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	Extreme environments are defined as the opposite of usual environments where the evoked physiological responses are unperceivable, repeatable and adjusted to the constraint. Adaptation strategies to a given environment show three levels: cultural or technological, where a buffer space is built to protect the organism from the hostile milieu, physiological, where temporary adaptive mechanisms are developed, and genetic, where full adaptation is possible with normal life and reproduction. The cost of adaptation increases from the genetic level (minimal cost) to the technological level. These concepts are illustrated by the example of adaptation to altitude hypoxia. The technological level is given by the use of oxygen bottles by high altitude climbers. The physiological level involves various physiological and biological systems (increase in heart rate, ventilation, erythropoiesis, expression of hypoxia-inducible factors, etc.). The genetic level has been reached by some animal species such as Yaks, Llamas, Pikas but has not yet been demonstrated in humans. Diseases developed during exposure to acute or chronic hypoxia may be considered as “adaptive crises” that mimic the transition to a lower energy level of adaptation.
Starting Page	223
Ending Page	229
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15691705
Journal	Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	1-3
e-ISSN	15729826
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2006-10-24
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Extreme environment Adaptation Hypoxia Altitude Physiology Genetics Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Microbiology Environmental Biotechnology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Waste Management and Disposal Pollution Environmental Engineering Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

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