NDLI: The cyanotoxin-microcystins: current overview

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Rastogi, Rajesh P. Sinha, Rajeshwar P. Incharoensakdi, Aran
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	The monocyclic heptapeptides microcystins (MCs), are a group of hepatotoxins, produced worldwide by some bloom-forming cyanobacterial species/strains both in marine and freshwater ecosystems. MCs are synthesized non-ribosomally by large multi-enzyme complexes consisting of different modules including polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, as well as several tailoring enzymes. More than 85 different variants of MCs have been reported to exist in nature. These are chemically stable, but undergo bio-degradation in natural water reservoirs. Direct or indirect intake of MCs through the food web is assumed to be a highly exposed route in risk assessment of cyanotoxins. MCs are the most commonly found cyanobacterial toxins that cause a major challenge for the production of safe drinking water and pose a serious threat to global public health as well as fundamental ecological processes due to their potential carcinogenicity. Here, we emphasize recent updates on different modes of action of their possible carcinogenicity. Besides the harmful effects on human and animals, MC producing cyanobacteria can also present a harmful effect on growth and development of agriculturally important plants. Overall, this review emphasizes the current understanding of MCs with their occurrence, geographical distribution, accumulation in the aquatic as well as terrestrial ecosystems, biosynthesis, climate-driven changes in their synthesis, stability and current aspects on its degradation, analysis, mode of action and their ecotoxicological effects.
Starting Page	215
Ending Page	249
Page Count	35
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15691705
Journal	Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology
Volume Number	13
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15729826
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2014-02-21
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Cyanobacteria Cyanotoxins Microcystin Biodegradation Mode of action Toxicity Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Microbiology Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Book Review
Subject	Waste Management and Disposal Pollution Environmental Engineering Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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