NDLI: Gd-DTPA l-Cystine Bisamide Copolymers as Novel Biodegradable Macromolecular Contrast Agents for MR Blood Pool Imaging

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kaneshiro, Todd L. Ke, Tianyi Jeong, Eun Kee Parker, Dennis L. Lu, Zheng Rong
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	The purpose of this study was to synthesize biodegradable Gd-DTPA l-cystine bisamide copolymers (GCAC) as safe and effective, macromolecular contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate their biodegradability and efficacy in MR blood pool imaging in an animal model.Three new biodegradable GCAC with different substituents at the cystine bisamide [R = H (GCAC), CH$_{2}$CH$_{2}$CH$_{3}$ (Gd-DTPA l-cystine bispropyl amide copolymers, GCPC), and CH(CH$_{3}$)$_{2}$ (Gd-DTPA cystine bisisopropyl copolymers, GCIC)] were prepared by the condensation copolymerization of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) dianhydride with cystine bisamide or bisalkyl amides, followed by complexation with gadolinium triacetate. The degradability of the agents was studied in vitro by incubation in 15 μM cysteine and in vivo with Sprague-Dawley rats. The kinetics of in vivo contrast enhancement was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats on a Siemens Trio 3 T scanner.The apparent molecular weight of the polydisulfide Gd(III) chelates ranged from 22 to 25 kDa. The longitudinal (T$_{1}$) relaxivities of GCAC, GCPC, and GCIC were 4.37, 5.28, and 5.56 mM$^{−1}$ s$^{−1}$ at 3 T, respectively. The polymeric ligands and polymeric Gd(III) chelates readily degraded into smaller molecules in incubation with 15 μM cysteine via disulfide–thiol exchange reactions. The in vitro degradation rates of both the polymeric ligands and macromolecular Gd(III) chelates decreased as the steric effect around the disulfide bonds increased. The agents readily degraded in vivo, and the catabolic degradation products were detected in rat urine samples collected after intravenous injection. The agents showed strong contrast enhancement in the blood pool, major organs, and tissues at a dose of 0.1 mmol Gd/kg. The difference of their in vitro degradability did not significantly alter the kinetics of in vivo contrast enhancement of the agents.These novel GCAC are promising contrast agents for cardiovascular and tumor MRI, which are later cleaved into low molecular weight Gd(III) chelates and rapidly cleared from the body.
Starting Page	1285
Ending Page	1294
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	07248741
Journal	Pharmaceutical Research
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	1573904X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2006-06-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	biodegradable macromolecular contrast agent blood pool imaging Gd-DTPA l-cystine bisamide copolymers magnetic resonance imaging polydisulfide Pharmacology/Toxicology Pharmacy Biochemistry Medical Law Biomedical Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Organic Chemistry Pharmacology Molecular Medicine Pharmacology (medical) Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Science

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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