NDLI: Stimulation and Suppression of Innate Immune Function by American Ginseng Polysaccharides: Biological Relevance and Identification of Bioactives

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Azike, Chike G. Charpentier, Paul A. Lui, Edmund MK.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Polysaccharides constituting about 10% by weight of ginseng root are known to stimulate the immune system but have recently been shown to also suppress induced proinflammatory responses. Our study aims to determine whether American ginseng root polysaccharides (AGRPS) stimulates basal innate immune function and at the same time can suppress response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced proinflammatory response. An in vitro mechanistic study was used to identify the bioactive fraction(s) responsible for AGRPS immunomodulatory effects.The ex vivo and in vivo immunomodulatory effects after oral administration of AGRPS extract was studied in adult rats by measuring cultured alveolar macrophage production of NO and changes of plasma cytokine level, modification of LPS proinflammatory immune response by AGRPS extract was also examined. To identify the bioactive fraction(s) responsible for AGRPS extract immunomodulatory effects, the immunobioactivities of the extract fractions (isolated by ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography) was investigated in an in vitro mechanistic study.Culture of alveolar macrophages obtained from AGRPS extract treated rats resulted in an increase of ex vivo production of NO and also reduced alveolar macrophage responsiveness to ex vivo LPS challenge. Oral treatment with AGRPS extract elevated plasma TNF-α concentration in vivo. This treatment also suppressed LPS induced elevation of plasma TNF-α in vivo. AGRPS extract immunostimulatory and immunouppressive effects were mediated primarily by acid PS and its species with molecular weights ≥100 kDa and 50–100 kDa. : AGRPS extract exerted immunostimulation and suppressed LPS immune response under basal and LPS induced proinflammatory conditions respectively.
Starting Page	876
Ending Page	897
Page Count	22
File Format	PDF
ISSN	07248741
Journal	Pharmaceutical Research
Volume Number	32
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	1573904X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2014-09-11
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	ginseng polysaccharides macrophage function stimulation suppression bioactive fraction(s) Pharmacology/Toxicology Pharmacy Biochemistry Medical Law Biomedical Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Organic Chemistry Pharmacology Molecular Medicine Pharmacology (medical) Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Science

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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